Dynamic monitoring of cell adhesion and spreading using the RT-CES system
The present invention includes devices and methods for dynamically monitoring cell adhesion and cell spreading. Cells are added to a microelectronic cell sensor array operably connected to an impedance analyzer. The device also includes a coating including biological molecule or organic compound capable of interacting with the cell. Cell adhesion and cell mobility is determined by detecting changes in impedance and comparing impedance or cell index values between samples.
1. A method of monitoring cell adhesion or cell spreading comprising:
a) providing a device operably connected to an impedance analyzer; said device comprising:
i) a non-conductive substrate,
ii) a plurality of electrode arrays and at least two connection pads positioned on said substrate, wherein each electrode array comprises at least two electrode structures, each of which comprises multiple electrode elements, further wherein the electrode structures of each electrode array have substantially the same surface area and are fabricated on a same side of said substrate, further wherein the electrode elements of each electrode structure of an electrode array are connected together to a common connection pad; and
iii) a test portion of said substrate coated with a test biological molecule or an organic compound, and a control portion of said substrate optionally coated with a biological molecule or organic compound, wherein each molecule or compound is independently selected from the group consisting of a DNA molecule, an RNA molecule, a protein, a polypeptide, an oligopeptide, an antibody, a ligand, a peptide, a receptor, one or more proteins or compounds present in the extracellular matrix (ECM), a molecule or compound capable of binding an integrin, and a cell surface receptor;
b) introducing a cell or cell population to said test portion and to said control portion;
c) performing a series of impedance measurements of said test portion and said control portion;
d) determining the change in impedance and optionally a cell index (CI) of said test portion and the change in impedance and optionally a cell index (CI) of said control portion;
e) comparing said change in impedance of said test portion to said change in impedance of said control portion or comparing said cell index (CI) of said test portion to said cell index (CI) of said control portion; and
f) determining whether cell adhesion or cell spreading on the test portion is different from that on the control portion if said comparison demonstrates a significant change in impedance.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said device comprises at least two test portions, wherein said biological molecule or said organic compound is positioned on said at least two test portions optionally in different concentrations, further wherein said impedance measurement is performed for each of said at least two test portions and said change in impedance and optionally said cell index (CI) is determined for each of said at least two test portions.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least two test portions are at least two test wells and said control portion is a control well, wherein said at least two test wells and said control well are perpendicularly oriented to a longitudinal axis.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said cell is a eukaryotic cell or said cell population is a eukaryotic cell population.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said eukaryotic cell is a human cell or said eukaryotic cell population is a human cell population.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said cell is a B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte or other immune cell or said cell population is a B-lymphocyte population, T-lymphocyte population or other immune cell population.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said series of measurements are performed at regular time intervals.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said series of measurements are performed at irregular time intervals.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said compound or biological molecule is capable of effecting cell adhesion or spreading if said comparison demonstrates a significant change in impedance.
10. The method according claim 9 , wherein said biological compound or organic compound increases cell spreading or cell adhesion if change in impedance of said test portion is significantly greater than that of said control portion.
11. The method according claim 9 , wherein said biological compound or organic compound is an inhibitor if change in impedance of said control portion is significantly greater than that of said test portion.