Aqueous dispersions of polythienothiophenes with fluorinated ion exchange polymers as dopants
View Patent ↗Compositions are provided comprising aqueous dispersions of polythienothiophenes and colloid-forming polymeric acids. Films from invention compositions are useful as hole injection layers in organic electronic devices, including electroluminescent devices, such as, for example, organic light emitting diodes (OLED) displays, as hole extraction layers in organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic photovoltaic devices, and in combination with metal nanowires or carbon nanotubes in applications such as drain, source, or gate electrodes in thin film field effect transistor.
1. An aqueous dispersion comprising polythienothiophene, at least one hydroxide, at least one colloid-forming polymeric acid, and mixtures thereof; wherein the colloid-forming polymeric acid comprising at least one fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, and the amount of said at least one hydroxide is sufficient to adjust the pH of the dispersion to above 3.0;
wherein said polythienothiophene comprises the following structure:
Wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C m F 2m+1 , F, Cl, and SF5, and n is greater than about 2 and less than 20.
2. The aqueous dispersion of claim 1 wherein said at least one colloid-forming polymer acid has a structure comprising:
3. The aqueous dispersion of claim 1 wherein the dispersion further comprises at least metal selected from the group consisting of iron, potassium and sodium.
4. The aqueous dispersion of claim 3 wherein the metal comprises iron.
5. The aqueous dispersion of claim 1 further comprising at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants and acetylenic diols.
6. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein the hydroxide comprises sodium hydroxide.
7. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein the hydroxide comprises ammonium hydroxide.
8. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein the hydroxide comprises at least one of calcium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide.
9. An aqueous dispersion comprising at least one polythienothiophene, at least one fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants and acetylenic diols, at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, tetra-methylammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof; wherein the pH of the dispersion is above about 3.5;
wherein said polythienothiophene comprises the following structure:
Wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C m F 2m+1 , F, Cl, and SF5, and n is greater than about 2 and less than 20.
10. The aqueous dispersion of claim 9 wherein the surfactant comprises a fluorosurfactant and said fluorosurfactant comprises a non-ionic fluorosurfactant.
11. The aqueous dispersion of claim 10 wherein the non-ionic flurosurfactant comprises a fluorosufactant having a structure:
RfCH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)xH,
where Rf=F(CF2CF2)y, x=0 to about 15 and y=1 to about 7.
12. The aqueous dispersion of claim 9 further comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethers, alcohols, ethers, ketones, nitriles, and sulfoxides.
13. The aqueous dispersion of claim 9 wherein the dispersion further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of n-propanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, methanol, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, p-toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, and acetic acid.
14. The aqueous dispersion of claim 9 wherein the dispersion further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, sulfonated crosslinked styrene polymers, phenol-formaldehyde-sulfonic acid resins, benzene-formaldehyde-sulfonic acid resins, carboxylic acid, acrylic and phosphoric acid cation exchange resins, tertiary-aminated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, tertiary-aminated crosslinked styrene polymers, tertiary-aminated phenol-formaldehyde resins, tertiary-aminated benzene-formaldehyde resins, and quaternary amine anion exchange resins.
15. The aqueous dispersion of claim 9 wherein the dispersion comprises: Al(<=7 ppm); Ba(<1 ppm); Ca(<20 ppm); Cr(<1 ppm), Fe(<156 ppm); Mg(<5 ppm); Mn(<1 ppm); Ni(<=7 ppm); Zn(<5 ppm); Na(<2 ppm); and K(<59 ppm) when measured by ICP-MS.
16. A composition comprising water, at least one polythienothiophene, at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, tetra-methylammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide; at least one fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the amount of said at least one member is sufficient to impart a pH to the composition of above 3.0;
wherein said polythienothiophene comprises the following structure:
Wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C m F 2m+1 , F, Cl, and SF5, and n is greater than about 2 and less than 20.
17. A dispersion comprising: water, polythienothiophene, at least one hydroxide, at least one fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, potassium and sodium, and mixtures thereof; wherein the amount of said at least one hydroxide is sufficient to adjust the pH of the dispersion to above 3.0;
wherein said polythienothiophene comprises the following structure:
Wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C m F 2m+1 , F, Cl, and SF5, and n is greater than about 2 and less than 20.
18. The dispersion of claim 17 wherein the metal comprises iron.
19. A dispersion comprising: water, at least one liquid that is miscible with water, at least one polythienothiophene, at least one hydroxide, at least one fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, at least one conductive material; and wherein the amount of said at least one hydroxide is sufficient to adjust the pH of the dispersion to above about 3.0;
wherein said polythienothiophene comprises the following structure:
Wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C m F 2m+1 , F, Cl, and SF5, and n is greater than about 2 and less than 20.
20. The dispersion of claim 19 wherein the conductive material comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of metals and carbon.
21. A dispersion comprising: water, at least one polythienothiophene, at least one hydroxide, at least one fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, at least one conductive material and at least one ion exchange resin; wherein the dispersion has a pH greater than about 3.0;
wherein said polythienothiophene comprises the following structure:
Wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C m F 2m+1 , F, Cl, and SF5, and n is greater than about 2 and less than 20.
22. The dispersion of claim 21 wherein the at least one ion exchange resin comprises at least one anionic ion exchange resin.