Production of organic and inorganic selenium compounds by lactic acid bacteria
A novel strain of lactic acid bacteria was found to be heat resistant and able to grow in a sulfur-limiting medium (SLM) containing a high concentration of sodium selenite. The microorganism is a non-spore forming and Gram-positive coccus, which is identified with >90% confidence using the API biochemical and sugar fermentation tests, ribotyoing and 16S rRNA sequencing as Pediococcus pentosaceus SP80. In the current study, P. pentosaceus SP80 grown on SLM containing 250 ppm sodium selenite produced both organic and inorganic forms of selenium. These selenium compounds can be separated using an anion exchange chromatography technique. The concentrations of selenium detected in the organic and inorganic fractions were 4.34 and 21.7 ppm, respectively. Selenium-enriched bacteria are useful as a source of selenium for supplementing the diets of animals and humans. Animals fed efficacious amounts of the selenium-enriched bacteria show improved feed conversion rates and higher levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in heart, kidney and liver tissues indicating an increased absorption and retention of selenium over control diets.
1 . An isolated bacterium identified as SP80 and deposited with the ATCC under accession number PTA 6736.
2 . A process for providing a source of selenium to an animal, comprising the steps of growing lactic acid bacteria capable of uptaking selenium in a medium enriched with selenium and administering an effective amount of the selenium-enriched lactic acid bacteria or extracts or parts thereof to an animal.
3 . A method as defined in claim 2 , wherein the lactic acid bacteria comprise the genus Pediococcus.
4 . A method as defined in claim 2 , wherein the lactic acid bacteria comprise the strain Pediococcus pentosaceus SP80.
5 . A method as defined in claim 2 , wherein the medium is enriched with inorganic selenium compounds and the lactic acid bacteria are enriched with organic selenium compounds.
6 . A method as defined in claim 5 , wherein the inorganic selenium compounds are selected from the group consisting of selenite and selenate.
7 . A method as defined in claim 5 , wherein the organic selenium compounds are selected from the group consisting of selenomethionine, selenocystine, selenocysteine, Se-methylselenocysteine, gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine, gamma-glutamyl-selenomethionine, selenocystathionine and Se-adenosyl selenohomocysteine.
8 . A method as defined in claim 5 , wherein the lactic acid bacteria comprise the strain Pediococcus pentosaceus SP80.
9 . A method of converting inorganic selenium compounds to organic selenium compounds, comprising feeding the inorganic selenium compounds to lactic acid bacteria capable of uptaking inorganic selenium and producing organic selenium compounds.
10 . A method as defined in claim 9 , wherein the inorganic selenium compounds are selected from the group consisting of selenite and selenate, and the organic selenium compounds are selected from the group consisting of selenomethionine, selenocystine, selenocysteine, Se-methylselenocysteine, gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine, gamma-glutamyl-selenomethionine, selenocystathionine and Se-adenosyl selenohomocysteine.
11 . A method as defined in claim 9 , wherein the lactic acid bacteria comprise the strain Pediococcus pentosaceus SP80.
12 . A method of improving the feed conversion rate in an animal, comprising the step of feeding the animal an effective amount of lactic acid bacteria enriched with selenium.
13 . A method of increasing the absorption and retention of selenium by an animal, comprising feeding the animal an effective amount of lactic acid bacteria enriched with selenium.
14 . A process for providing a source of selenium to a human, comprising the steps of growing lactic acid bacteria capable of uptaking selenium in a medium enriched with selenium and administering an effective amount of the selenium-enriched lactic-acid bacteria or extracts or parts thereof to human.
15 . A method as defined in claim 14 , wherein the lactic acid bacteria comprise the genus Pediococcus.
16 . A method as defined in claim 14 , wherein the lactic acid bacteria comprise the strain Pediococcus pentosaceus SP80.
17 . A method as defined in claim 14 , wherein the medium is enriched with inorganic selenium compounds and the lactic acid bacteria are enriched with organic selenium compounds.
18 . A method as defined in claim 14 , wherein the inorganic selenium compounds are selected from the group consisting of selenite and selenate.
19 . A method as defined in claim 14 , wherein the organic selenium compounds are selected from the group consisting of selenomethionine, selenocystine, selenocysteine, Se-methylselenocysteine, gamma-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine, gamma-glutamyl-selenomethionine, selenocystathionine and Se-adenosyl selenohomocysteine.
20 . The use of Pediococcus pentosaceus SP80 as a source of organic selenium compounds for immune-related diseases.