Flame retardant composition and method
A synergistic flame retardant combination includes (a) a phosphorus salt having the formula wherein M d+ is a metal ion or an onium ion; d is 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the identity of M and its oxidation state; each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is independently C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbyl; and each occurrence of m and n is independently 0 or 1; and (b) a phosphine compound selected from trihydrocarbylphosphines, trihydrocarbylphosphine oxides, and combinations thereof. Polymer compositions utilizing the flame retardant combination are described.
1 . A flame retardant composition, comprising:
a phosphorus salt having the formula
wherein M d+ is a metal ion or an onium ion; d is 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the identity of M and its oxidation state; each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is independently C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbyl; and each occurrence of m and n is independently 0 or 1; and
a phosphine compound selected from trihydrocarbylphosphines, trihydrocarbylphosphine oxides, and combinations thereof.
2 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein M d+ is an onium ion.
3 . The flame retardant composition of claim 2 , wherein the onium ion is selected from ammonium cation, mono-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylammonium cations, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylammonium cations, tri-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylammonium cations, tetra-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylammonium cations, phosphonium cation, mono-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylphosphonium cations, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylphosphonium cations, tri-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylphosphonium cations, tetra-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylphosphonium cations, sulfonium cation, mono-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbylsulfonium cations, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbyl sulfonium cations, tri-(C 1 -C 12 )-hydrocarbyl sulfonium cations, and combinations thereof.
4 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein M d+ is a metal ion selected from ions of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, antimony, tin, germanium, titanium, zinc, iron, zirconium, cerium, bismuth, strontium, manganese, lithium, sodium, potassium, and combinations thereof.
5 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein M d+ is Al 3+ .
6 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is independently C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
7 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is methyl or ethyl.
8 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein M is aluminum and each occurrence of m and n is zero.
9 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus salt is aluminum tris(diethylphosphinate).
10 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , comprising about 5 to about 95 parts by weight of the phosphorus salt, based on 100 parts by weight total of the phosphorus salt and the phosphine compound.
11 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphine compound comprises the trihydrocarbylphosphine, and wherein the trihydrocarbylphosphine has the structure
wherein R 3 -R 5 are each independently C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, with the proviso that the trihydrocarbylphosphine has at least six carbon atoms.
12 . The flame retardant composition of claim 11 , wherein the trihydrocarbylphosphine is selected from triphenylphosphine, allyldiphenylphosphine, diallylphenylphosphine, triallylphosphine, and combinations thereof.
13 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphine compound comprises the trihydrocarbylphosphine oxide, and wherein the trihydrocarbylphosphine oxide has the structure
wherein R 3 -R 5 are each independently C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyl, with the proviso that the trihydrocarbylphosphine oxide has at least six carbon atoms.
14 . The flame retardant composition of claim 13 , wherein the trihydrocarbylphosphine oxide is selected from triphenylphosphine, allyldiphenylphosphine oxide, diallylphenylphosphine oxide, triallylphosphine oxide, and combinations thereof.
15 . The flame retardant composition of claim 1 , comprising about 5 to about 95 parts by weight of the phosphine compound, based on 100 parts by weight total of the phosphorus salt and the phosphine compound.
16 . A flame retardant composition, comprising:
a phosphorus salt having the formula
wherein M d+ is Al 3+ ; occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is independently C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbyl; and each occurrence of m and n is 0; and
a trihydrocarbylphosphine oxide having the structure
wherein R 3 -R 5 are each independently C 3 -C 12 hydrocarbyl.
17 . A flame retardant composition comprising aluminum tris(diethylphosphinate) and a phosphine oxide selected from triphenylphosphine oxide, allyldiphenylphosphine oxide, diallylphenylphosphine oxide, triallylphosphine oxide, and combinations thereof.
18 . A method of preparing a flame retardant composition, comprising:
blending
a phosphorus salt having the formula
wherein M d+ is a metal ion or an onium ion; d is 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the identity of M and its oxidation state; each occurrence of R 1 and R 2 is independently C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbyl; and each occurrence of m and n is independently 0 or 1; and
a phosphine compound selected from trihydrocarbylphosphines, trihydrocarbylphosphine oxides, and combinations thereof.