Method of deriving a quantitative measure of a degree of calcification of an aorta
View Patent ↗A method of deriving a quantitative measure of a degree of calcification of a blood vessel such as an aorta by processing an image such as an X-ray image of at least a part of the blood vessel containing said calcification comprises: taking a starting set of digital data representative of an image of at least part of a blood vessel containing a calcification set against a background; estimating the boundary of the calcification; using inpainting to replace digital data in said starting set representing the calcification with data extrapolating the boundary of the background to extend over the area of calcification, and so generating an inpainted set of digital data; and computing the difference between the starting set of digital data and the inpainted set of digital data to obtain a quantitative measure of the degree of calcification of the blood vessel.
1. A method of deriving a quantitative measure of a degree of calcification of a blood vessel by processing an image of at least a part of the blood vessel containing said calcification, which method comprises: using a processor to perform:
taking a starting set of digital data representative of the image of the at least part of a blood vessel containing an area of calcification, said area of calcification being set against a background area;
detecting calcifications in the blood vessel;
using an inpainting method to replace digital data in said starting set of digital data representing the calcification with data extrapolating the background to extend over the area of calcification, and so generating an inpainted set of digital data; and
computing the difference between the starting set of digital data and the inpainted set of digital data to obtain a result representative of the degree of calcification of the blood vessel.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of detecting calcifications in the blood vessel includes:
predicting the location of the blood vessel;
based on this prediction and a prior model of calcification distribution in such a blood vessel, calculating the probability of calcifications being located at a position within the blood vessel; and
using these calculations to estimate the location of an area of calcification in the blood vessel.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the preliminary steps of estimating a boundary of the area of calcification conducted after said detecting of calcifications and prior to said inpainting, wherein the step of inpainting comprises replacing digital data within the boundary with data extrapolating the background outside the boundary to extend over the area within the boundary.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising:
calculating a signal to noise ratio along the boundary of the calcification between the inpainted set of digital data and the starting set of digital data;
increasing the area within the boundary, and repeating the step of calculating the signal to noise ratio along the boundary; and
repeating the steps of increasing the area within the boundary and then calculating the signal to noise ratio between the inpainted set of digital data and the starting set of digital data along the boundary until the rate of increase in the signal to noise ratio reaches a pre-determined level.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4 , further comprising calculating the average intensity difference between the inpainted set of digital data and the starting set of digital data, wherein the difference is representative of the degree of calcification of the blood vessel.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method of inpainting is TV inpainting.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method of inpainting is harmonic inpainting.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said blood vessel is an artery.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said artery is an aorta.
10. An instruction set as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method of inpainting is TV inpainting.
11. A instruction set as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the method of inpainting is harmonic inpainting.
12. An instruction set as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said blood vessel is an artery.
13. An instruction set as claimed in claim 12 , wherein said artery is an aorta.
14. An instruction set stored on computer readable medium for enabling generation of a quantitative measure of a calcification from an image of at least part of a blood vessel, the instruction set comprising instructions for:
detecting calcification in the blood vessel;
inpainting the image to replace digital data in said set of digital data representative of the blood vessel with data extrapolating said background to extend over the area of calcification
using an inpainting method to replace digital data in said starting set of digital data representing the calcification with data extrapolating the background to extend over the area of calcification to generate an inpainted set of digital data;
computing the difference between the starting set of digital data and the inpainted set of digital data to obtain a result representative of the degree of calcification of the blood vessel; and
outputting the said quantitative measure.
15. An instruction set as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising instructions for detecting calcifications in the blood vessel.
16. An instruction set as claimed in claim 15 , further comprising instructions for:
predicting the location of the blood vessel;
based on this prediction, calculating the probability of calcifications being located within the blood vessel; and
using these calculations to estimate the location of an area of calcification in the blood vessel.
17. An instruction set as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising instructions for estimating a boundary of the area of calcification, wherein the step of inpainting comprises replacing digital data within the boundary with data extrapolating the background outside the boundary to extend over the area within the boundary.
18. An instruction set as claimed in claim 17 , further comprising instructions for:
calculating a signal to noise ratio along the boundary of the calcification between the inpainted set of digital data and the starting set of digital data;
increasing the area within the boundary, and repeating the step of calculating the signal to noise ratio along the boundary; and
repeating the steps of increasing the area within the boundary and then calculating the signal to noise ratio between the inpainted set of digital data and the starting set of digital data along the boundary until a maximum signal to noise ratio is reached.
19. An instruction set as claimed in claim 18 , further comprising instructions for calculating the average intensity difference between the inpainted set of digital data and the starting set of digital data, wherein the difference is representative of the degree of calcification of the blood vessel.