Use of Na*/K*-ATPase inhibitors and antagonists thereof
The reagent, pharmaceutical formulation, kit, and methods of the invention provides a new approach for treating hypoxia-related pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's Disease, and those involving excessive angiogenesis, especially those non-cancer pathological conditions. The invention provides the use of Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitors, such as cardiac glycosides (e.g. ouabain and proscillaridin, etc.), either alone or in combination with other standard therapeutic agents for treating such conditions. The invention also relates to the use of cardiac glycoside inhibitors/antagonists as reagents, pharmaceutical formulations, or in kits and methods for treating conditions arising from excessive amount of cardiac glycosides, including all symptoms of digitalis poisoning, depression, hypertension, etc. The pharmaceutical formulation of the invention may be delivered to a patient either systemically or locally, or both. The pharmaceutical formulations of the invention may be delivered either in one dose, or continuously over a sustained period of time using, for example, sustained drug delivery devices.
1 . A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-angiogenesis agent, formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and suitable for use in human patients to reduce angiogenesis.
2 . A kit for treating a patient having excessive or undesirable angiogenesis, comprising a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-angiogenesis agent, formulated in premeasured doses for conjoint administration to said patient.
3 . A method for treating a patient having excessive or undesirable angiogenesis, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-angiogenesis agent.
4 . A method for promoting treatment of patients having excessive or undesirable angiogenesis, comprising packaging, labeling and/or marketing a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-angiogenesis agent, for use in therapy or conjoint therapy for treating said patients.
5 . A method for promoting treatment of patients having excessive or undesirable angiogenesis, comprising packaging, labeling and/or marketing an anti-angiogenesis agent to be used in conjoint therapy with a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor for treating the patients.
6 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1 , wherein the angiogenesis is induced by hypoxia, or occurs in a non-pathogenic or non-neoplastic condition.
7 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1 , wherein the Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor is a cardiac glycoside agonist.
8 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 7 , wherein the cardiac glycoside agonist, when in combination with the anti-angiogenesis agent,
(1) has an IC 50 for inhibiting proliferation or function of one or more different endothelial cell lines that is at least 2 fold less relative to the IC 50 of the cardiac glycoside agonist alone, or,
(2) has an EC 50 for treating the angiogenesis disorder that is at least 2 fold less relative to the EC 50 of the cardiac glycoside agonist alone.
9 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 7 , wherein the cardiac glycoside agonist is represented by the general formula:
wherein
R represents a glycoside of 1 to 6 sugar residues;
R 1 represents hydrogen, —OH or ═O;
R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each independently represents hydrogen or —OH; and
R 7 represents
which cardiac glycoside agonist has an IC 50 for inhibiting proliferation or function of one or more different endothelial cell lines of 500 nM or less.
10 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 7 , wherein the cardiac glycoside agonist comprises a steroid core with either a pyrone substituent at C17 (the “bufadienolides form”) or a butyrolactone substituent at C17 (the “cardenolide” form).
11 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 7 , wherein the cardiac glycoside agonist is ouabain or proscillaridin.
12 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1 , wherein the Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor inhibits the expression of an angiogenesis factor in said patient.
13 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 12 , wherein the expression of the angiogenesis factor is induced or up-regulated by hypoxia or by HIF-1α.
14 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 13 , wherein the angiogenesis factor is VEGF.
15 . The method of claim 3 , wherein said excessive or undesirable angiogenesis occurs in lung cancer tissue of the patient, and wherein the Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor is at an amount or level sufficient to down-regulate VEGF expression so as to inhibit angiogenesis in said tissue.
16 . A method to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in a patient, comprising administering to synovial tissue of a bone joint of the patient a composition containing a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, such as a cardiac glycoside agonist (e.g. ouabain or proscillaridin, etc.), at an amount/level sufficient to down-regulate VEGF expression in synovial tissue and inhibit angiogenesis in the synovial tissue.
17 . A method to treat diabetic retinopathy in a patient, comprising administering to a retina of the patient a composition containing a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, such as a cardiac glycoside agonist (e.g. ouabain or proscillaridin, etc.), at an amount/level sufficient to down-regulate VEGF expression in the retina and inhibit angiogenesis in the retina.
18 . A method to treat choroidal neovascularization in a patient, comprising delivering to subretinal space or retinal pigment epithelium of the patient a composition containing a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, such as a cardiac glycoside agonist (e.g. ouabain or proscillaridin, etc.), at an amount/level sufficient to down-regulate VEGF expression in said tissue and inhibit angiogenesis in the choroidal tissue.
19 . The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 1 , wherein the anti-angiogenesis agent is:
(1) a VEGF inhibitor selected from: an antibody against VEGF, or a VEGF antigenic epitope; or, (2) a truncated, soluble form of a VEGF receptor selected from: Flt-1, Flk-1/KDR, Flt-4, neuropilin-1 or -2 (NP1 or NP2).
20 . A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an agent effective for treating or preventing Alzheimer's Disease (AD), formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and suitable for use in human patients to treat or prevent AD.
21 . A pharmaceutical formulation comprising an antagonist of a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor, either alone or in combination with an anti-depression agent, formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and suitable for use in human patients to reduce depression.
22 . A pharmaceutical formulation comprising an antagonist of a Na + /K + -ATPase inhibitor formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and suitable for use in human patients to treat digitalis poinsoning.