Semiconductor nanoparticle having high luminescence properties comprising an electron-donor group and a multilayered coating comprising a hydrophobic group

1. A semiconductor nanoparticle having luminescence properties comprising:

a semiconductor nanoparticle core on and outside of which an electron donor group is arranged and, at the outside thereof, a combination of two or more layers composed of a first polar group, a hydrophobic group, a second polar group, a hydrophilic group, and a functional group having bondability with a biopolymer, are arranged, in order from inside, wherein the hydrophobic group is a necessary element, and the hydrophilic group and the functional group are optional.

2. A semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 , wherein

each boundary among the first polar group, the hydrophobic group, the second polar group, the hydrophilic group and the functional group is bound through a linker.

3. A semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 2 , wherein

the first polar group, the hydrophobic group, the second polar group, the hydrophilic group, the functional group, and the linker include a group which is bonded to each other by a polymerization or condensation reaction.

4. A semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 , wherein

said electron donor group comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of —OR, —OCH 2 R, —OCOCH 2 R, —NHR, —N(CH 2 R) 2 , —NHCOCH 2 R, —CH 2 R, C 6 H 4 R, —P(CH 2 R) 3 , wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a substituted or a non-substituted hydrocarbon group.

5. A semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 , wherein

said electron donor group is a hydroxyl group.

6. A semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 , wherein

a layer including said electron donor group includes one layer or more.

7. A semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 , wherein

the material of said semiconductor nanoparticle is at least one selected from the group consisting of ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdO, CdS, CdMnS, CdSe, CdMnSe, CdTe, CdMnTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InP, InAs, InSb, InN, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, TiO 2 , WO 3 , PbS, PbSe, MgTe, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, AlS, Ge, and Si, which is made into a core-shell structure.

8. A semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 , wherein

the particle size of said semiconductor nanoparticle is a monodispersion which has a deviation in diameter of less than 10% rms.

9. A semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 , wherein

light having a narrow spectral range of 40 nm or less of full width at half maximum (FWHM) is emitted, when excitation light is irradiated onto said semiconductor nanoparticle.

10. A fluorescent reagent comprising:

a semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 .

11. An optical device comprising:

a semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 .

12. An inorganic material, an organic material, or organic/inorganic composite material comprising:

a semiconductor nanoparticle according to claim 1 .

13. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor nanoparticle comprising:

providing a semiconductor nanoparticle core;

providing electron donor groups on the surface of the semiconductor nanoparticle core by adding a surface treatment material which gives one or more electron donor groups thereonto and

providing one or more layers of organic compounds which have a combination of two or more layers composed of a first polar group, a hydrophobic group, a second polar group, a hydrophilic group, and a functional group having bondability with a biopolymer, in order from inside, wherein the hydrophobic group is a necessary element, and the hydrophilic group and the functional group are optional.