Diesel particulate filters having ultra-thin catalyzed oxidation coatings
View Patent ↗The present invention is directed to an exhaust gas treatment system and method for removing particulate matter and nitrogen oxides from diesel engine exhaust streams. More specifically, the present invention relates to an emission treatment system that effectively provides simultaneous treatment of the particulate matter, as well as the NOx and other gaseous components of diesel engine exhaust. The emission treatment system uses an integrated soot filter coated with a catalyst washcoat composition comprising sub-micron particles, thereby providing an ultra-thin sub-micron washcoat layer showing improved catalyst performance without causing excessive backpressure.
1. An emission treatment system for a diesel engine comprising a soot filter comprising a wall flow filter substrate including porous walls, said soot filter having dispersed thereon one or more catalyst washcoat compositions, at least one catalyst washcoat composition consisting essentially of sub-micron particles and catalyst, the washcoat composition permeating the porous walls.
2. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said sub-micron particles range in size from about 0.01 to about 0.5 microns.
3. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said sub-micron particles are sub-micron particles of one or more base metal oxides selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, silicon oxide, mixtures thereof, and any of said base metal oxides containing a platinum group metal.
4. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said sub-micron particles are sub-micron alumina, silica-alumina, or said alumina or silica-alumina containing a platinum group metal.
5. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said sub-micron particles are co-formed sub-micron ceria-zirconia composite.
6. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said washcoat composition further comprises one or more ziolites.
7. The emission treatment system of claim 1 , wherein said soot filter is a wall flow monolith having porous walls enclosing a plurality of passages coated with one or more of said washcoat compositions.
8. The emission treatment system of claim 7 , wherein said wall flow monolith has a porosity from about 40% to about 75%.
9. The emission treatment system of claim 8 , wherein said washcoat composition further comprises a platinum group metal and said platinum is contained on said soot filter in an amount from 0.1 to 200 g/ft 3 .
10. The emission treatment system of claim 9 , wherein said platinum group metal is zone coated at different concentrations on respective upstream and downstream portions of said soot filter.
11. The emission treatment system of claim 9 , wherein the washcoat composition is effective for oxidation of one or more of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
12. The emission treatment system of claim 9 , wherein the washcoat composition contains a ceria-zirconia composite containing praseodymia effective for regenerating the soot filter.
13. The emission treatment system of claim 7 , wherein said soot filter is coated contiguously with at least two layers of said sub-micron washcoat compositions.
14. The emission treatment system of claim 13 , wherein said contiguous washcoat layers have separate catalytic functions.
15. The emission treatment system of claim 7 , wherein pores in the porous walls are not occluded to reduce build up of backpressure in the filter.
16. The emission treatment system of claim 2 , wherein the filter comprises a wall flow filter having a porosity of from about 40 to about 65% and a mean pore size from about 5 to 30 microns.
17. The emission treatment system of claim 16 , wherein said washcoat composition further comprises a platinum group metal and said platinum is contained on said soot filter in an amount from 0.1 to 200 g/ft 3 .
18. The emission treatment system of claim 17 , wherein said platinum group metal is dispersed on a refractory metal oxide support having a crystallite size of less than about 40 nanometers.
19. The emission treatment system of claim 18 , wherein said washcoat comprises a refractory metal oxide having a particle size of less than about 11 nanometers.
20. The emission treatment system of claim 19 , wherein the washcoat is processed to break agglomerates such that 90% of the particles are less than 5 microns.
21. The emission treatment system of claim 16 , wherein said washcoat composition further comprises a platinum group metal and said platinum is contained on said soot filter in an amount from 20 to 80 g/ft 3 .
22. The emission treatment system of claim 16 , wherein said washcoat composition further comprises a platinum group metal and said platinum is contained on said soot filter in an amount from 0.1 to 10 g/ft 3 .