Laser control in a coherent optical receiver

1. In a communications system comprising a transmitter and a coherent optical receiver, a method of compensating a frequency mismatch Δf between a carrier of an optical signal transmitted by the transmitter and a local Oscillator (LO) of the receiver, the method comprising:

a carrier recovery circuit of the receiver digitally processing dispersion compensated symbol estimates recovered from the optical signal to compute a frequency mismatch parameter indicative of the frequency mismatch, and to compensate short period variations of the frequency mismatch; and

a control loop controlling an average frequency of at least one of the LO and the carrier, using the frequency mismatch parameter, to at least partially compensate long-period variations of the frequency mismatch.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of controlling an average frequency of at least one of the LO and the carrier comprises steps of:

obtaining a digital parameter value indicative of the frequency mismatch; and

adjusting a frequency setting of either one or both of the LO and the carrier based on the digital parameter value.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the step of adjusting a frequency setting of either one or both of the LO and the carrier comprises steps of:

sending the digital parameter value to the transmitter; and

controlling a Tx Local Oscillator of the transmitter based on the digital parameter value.

4. A method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the step of adjusting a frequency setting of either one or both of the LO and the carrier comprises steps of:

sending the digital parameter value to the transmitter; and

controlling a complex optical synthesizer of the transmitter, based on the digital parameter value, so as to electronically precompensate optical distortions induced by the frequency mismatch.

5. A method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the carrier recovery circuit generates a recovered carrier signal having a dominant frequency component centered at an intermediate frequency corresponding to the frequency mismatch, and wherein the step of obtaining the digital parameter value comprises steps of:

processing the recovered carrier signal to identify a center frequency of the dominant frequency component; and

using the identified center frequency as the frequency mismatch parameter.

6. A method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the recovered carrier signal is an analog signal, and wherein the step of processing the recovered carrier signal comprises steps of:

sampling the analog recovered carrier signal to generate a corresponding digital recovered carrier signal; and

analysing a spectrum of the digital recovered carrier signal.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein a sample rate of the digital recovered carrier signal is selected to encompass a maximum expected frequency mismatch.

8. A method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the carrier recovery circuit computes a frequency mismatch parameter that is proportional to the frequency mismatch.

9. A method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the step of obtaining a digital parameter value comprises a step of either one or both of: scaling the frequency mismatch parameter; and low-pass filtering the frequency mismatch parameter.

10. A method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the step of adjusting the LO frequency setting comprises steps of:

determining a frequency adjustment value; and

combining the frequency adjustment value with a default frequency setting of the LO.

11. A method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the step of determining a frequency adjustment value comprises a step of accumulating successive frequency mismatch parameter values.

12. A method as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising a step of selectively disabling adjustment of the frequency setting of the LO.

13. A method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the step of adjusting a frequency setting comprises the step of adjusting a target parameter of a local laser control method.

14. A method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the target parameter substantially determines the average laser frequency.

15. In a communications system comprising a transmitter and a coherent optical receiver, a system for compensating a frequency mismatch Δf between a carrier of an optical signal transmitted by the transmitter and a local Oscillator (LO) of the coherent optical receiver, the system comprising:

an electrical carrier recovery circuit at the receiver, the carrier recovery circuit digitally processing dispersion compensated symbol estimates recovered from the optical signal to compute a frequency mismatch parameter indicative of the frequency mismatch, and to compensate short period variations of the frequency mismatch; and

a control loop for controlling an average frequency of at least one of the LO and the carrier, using the frequency mismatch parameter, to at least partially compensate long-period variations of the frequency mismatch.

16. A system as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the control loop comprises:

means for obtaining a digital parameter value indicative of the frequency mismatch; and

means for adjusting a frequency setting of at least one of the LO and the carrier, based on the digital parameter value.

17. A system as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the means for adjusting a frequency setting of either one or both of the LO and the carrier comprises:

means for sending the digital parameter value to the transmitter; and

a controller for controlling a Tx Local Oscillator of the transmitter based on the digital parameter value.

18. A system as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the means for adjusting a frequency setting of either one or both of the LO and the carrier comprises steps of:

means for sending the digital parameter value to the transmitter; and

a complex optical synthesizer of the transmitter for electronically precompensate optical distortions induced by the frequency mismatch, based on the digital parameter value.

19. A system as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the carrier recovery circuit generates a recovered carrier signal having a dominant frequency component centered at an intermediate frequency corresponding to the frequency mismatch, and wherein the means for obtaining the digital parameter value comprises:

a processor for processing the recovered carrier signal to identify a center frequency of the dominant frequency component, the identified center frequency being used as the frequency mismatch parameter.

20. A system as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the recovered carrier signal is an analog signal, and wherein the processor comprises:

an Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter for sampling the analog recovered carrier signal to generate a corresponding digital recovered carrier signal; and

a Fast Fourier Transform Filter (FFT) for analysing a spectrum of the digital recovered carrier signal.

21. A system as claimed in claim 20 , wherein a sample rate of the A/D converter is selected to encompass a maximum expected frequency mismatch.

22. A system as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the carrier recovery circuit computes a frequency mismatch parameter that is proportional to the frequency mismatch.

23. A system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the means for obtaining a digital parameter value comprises either one or both of: a multiplier for scaling the frequency mismatch parameter; and a filter for low-pass filtering the frequency mismatch parameter.

24. A system as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the means for adjusting the LO frequency setting comprises:

means for determining a frequency adjustment value; and

a digital combiner for combining the frequency adjustment value with a default frequency setting of the LO.

25. A system as claimed in claim 24 , wherein the means for determining a frequency adjustment value comprises an accumulator for accumulating successive frequency mismatch parameter values.

26. A system as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising means for selectively disabling adjustment of the frequency setting of the LO.

27. A system as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the LO control loop has a step response longer than one microsecond.

28. A system as claimed in claim 27 , wherein the step response is longer than one millisecond.

29. A system as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the frequency setting of the LO is adjusted at a rate of less than once per microsecond.

30. A system as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the carrier recovery circuit is implemented downstream of at least a dispersion compensation block of the receiver.