Endoluminal delivery of anesthesia
Described herein are methods and devices for selectively applying fluids (particularly anesthetics) to a target tissue from within a blood vessel while minimizing the amount of fluid applied to non-target tissue. The injection catheters described herein may include an elongate body, a directional injector, and one or more holdfasts for securing the catheter before extending the injector. The methods of selectively applying anesthetic to a target structure generally include the steps of inserting an injection catheter into a body vessel, positioning the injection catheter within the body vessel near the target structure, anchoring the injection catheter before extending a directional injector from the injection catheter, and applying anesthetic from the injection catheter to the target structure.
1. An injection catheter for selectively injecting material to a target structure adjacent to a body vessel, the injection catheter comprising:
an elongate body having a distal and a proximal end;
a holdfast near the distal end configured to anchor the injection catheter within a body vessel, wherein the holdfast comprises a vacuum-type holdfast having at least two vacuum ports on the outer longitudinal surface of the elongated body that are connectable via channels in the elongate body to a vacuum source such that a vacuum may be applied through the ports to a vessel wall to anchor the holdfast onto the vessel wall; and
an extendable directional injector having a distal end and a proximal end, the directional injector extendable from the elongate body from a region proximal to the distal end of the holdfast and located between the at least two vacuum ports, wherein the directional injector comprises a tissue-penetrating section at the distal end and a fluid delivery section located proximal to the tissue-penetrating section, the fluid delivery section configured to deliver fluid in a direction that is different from the direction of tissue penetration, wherein the tissue penetrating section comprises an angled portion with a sharpened tip, and wherein the fluid delivery section is positioned on the angled portion and wherein the fluid delivery section delivers fluid in a direction normal to the angled portion and wherein the fluid delivery section includes a filter through which fluid must pass before it can exit the fluid delivery section.
2. The injection catheter of claim 1 , further comprising markers for visualizing the extension of the extendable directional injector.
3. The injection catheter of claim 1 , wherein the holdfast comprises a rigid member.
4. The injection catheter of claim 1 , wherein the penetrating section comprises a beveled edge.
5. The injection catheter of claim 1 , wherein the fluid delivery section comprises an opening in fluid connection with a lumen passing through at least a portion of the directional injector.