High dielectric constant nanocomposites, methods of manufacture thereof, and articles comprising the same
View Patent ↗Disclosed herein is a composition comprising thermoplastic polymers; and nanoparticles; wherein the nanoparticles comprise a substrate upon which is disposed a coating composition; and wherein the substrate has a different dielectric constant from that of the coating composition. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising a polymeric material; and nanoparticles; wherein the nanoparticles comprise a substrate upon which is disposed a coating composition comprising a plurality of layers; and wherein at least one layer has a dielectric constant that is different from the remaining layers. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising blending a polymeric resin with nanoparticles to form a composition; wherein the nanoparticles comprise a substrate upon which is disposed a coating composition comprising a plurality of layers; and wherein at least one layer has a dielectric constant that is different from the remaining layers.
1. A composition comprising:
a thermoplastic polymer, wherein the thermoplastic polymer has a glass transition temperature greater than or equal to about 100° C.; and
nanoparticles; wherein the nanoparticles comprise a substrate upon which is disposed a coating composition; wherein the substrate has a different dielectric constant from that of the coating composition; and
wherein the composition has a breakdown resistance of greater than or equal to about 200 volts/micrometer.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition comprises one or more layers.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein a dielectric constant of an innermost layer is greater than a dielectric constant of an outermost layer.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each layer has a lower dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of a preceding inner layer that is closer to the center of the nanoparticle.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a higher dielectric constant than the dielectric constant of the coating composition.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition comprises a plurality of layers with progressively decreasing dielectric constants from an innermost layer to an outermost layer.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises metals, ceramics, borides, carbides, silicates, chalcogenides, hydroxides, metals, metal oxides, nitrides, perovskites and perovskites derivatives, phosphides, sulfides, silicides, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition comprises ceramics, borides, carbides, silicates, chalcogenides, hydroxides, metals, metal oxides, nitrides, perovskites and perovskites derivatives, phosphides, sulfides, suicides, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the metal oxides comprise zirconates, titanates, aluminates, silicates, stannates, niobates, tantalates, rare earth oxides or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing metal oxides.
10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the perovskites comprise calcium-copper-titanium-oxides having the formula (I):
ACu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (I)
where A is calcium or cadmium.
11. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the perovskites have the formula (II):
A′ 2/3 Cu 3 Ti 3 FeO 12 (II)
where A′ is bismuth or yttrium.
12. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the perovskites are lithium and titanium co-doped nickel oxide (LTNOs) having the general formula (III):
Li x Ti y Ni 1-x-y O (III)
where x is less than or equal to about 0.3 and y is less than or equal to about 0.1.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer has a glass transition temperature of greater than or equal to about 150° C.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises polyetherimides, polyphenylene ethers, polyethylene terephthalates, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyimides, polyvinylidene fluorides, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing polymers.
15. An article comprising the composition of claim 1 .
16. The article of claim 15 , wherein the article is a capacitor or a component for a spark plug.
17. A composition comprising:
a polymeric material; wherein the polymeric material has a glass transition temperature greater than or equal to about 100° C.; and
nanoparticles; wherein the nanoparticles comprise a substrate upon which is disposed a coating composition comprising a plurality of layers; wherein at least one layer has a dielectric constant that is different from the remaining layers; and
wherein the composition has a breakdown resistance of greater than or equal to about 200 volts/micrometer.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein a dielectric constant of an innermost layer is greater than a dielectric constant of an outermost layer.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein each layer has a lower dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of a preceding inner layer that is closer to the center of the nanoparticle.
20. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the substrate has a higher dielectric constant than the dielectric constant of the coating composition.
21. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of layers have a progressively decreasing dielectric constant from an innermost layer to an outermost layer.
22. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the substrate comprises metals, ceramics, borides, carbides, silicates, chalcogenides, hydroxides, metals, metal oxides, nitrides, perovskites and perovskites derivatives, phosphides, sulfides, silicides, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
23. The composition of claim 22 , wherein the metal oxides comprise zirconates, titanates, aluminates, silicates, stannates, niobates, tantalates, rare earth oxides or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing metal oxides.
24. The composition of claim 22 , wherein the perovskites comprise calcium-copper-titanium-oxides having the formula (I):
ACu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (I)
where A is calcium or cadmium.
25. The composition of claim 22 , wherein the perovskites have the formula (II):
A′ 2/3 Cu 3 Ti 3 FeO 12 (II)
where A′ is bismuth or yttrium.
26. The composition of claim 22 , wherein the perovskites are lithium and titanium co-doped nickel oxide (LTNOs) having the general formula (III):
Li x Ti y Ni 1-x-y O (III)
where x is less than or equal to about 0.3 and y is less than or equal to about 0.1.
27. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the coating composition comprises ceramics, borides, carbides, silicates, chalcogenides, hydroxides, metals, metal oxides, nitrides, perovskites and perovskites derivatives, phosphides, sulfides, silicides, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
28. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the polymeric material has a glass transition temperature of greater than or equal to about 150° C.
29. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the polymeric material comprises a thermosetting polymer.
30. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the polymeric material comprises polyetherimides, polyphenylene ethers, polyethylene terephthalates, polyimides, polyvinylidene fluorides, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing polymers.
31. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the nanoparticle comprises a passivated metal.
32. An article comprising the composition of claim 17 .
33. A method comprising:
blending a polymeric resin with nanoparticles to form a composition;
wherein the polymeric resin has a glass transition temperature greater than or equal to about 100° C.
wherein the nanoparticles comprise a substrate upon which is disposed a coating composition comprising a plurality of layers; wherein at least one layer has a dielectric constant that is different from the remaining layers; and
wherein the composition has a breakdown resistance of greater than or equal to about 200 volts/micrometer.
34. The method of claim 33 , further comprising casting the composition.
35. The method of claim 33 , further comprising molding the composition
36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the molding comprises injection molding.
37. An article manufactured by the method of claim 33 .