Apparatus and method for tempering glass sheets
View Patent ↗A method of tempering a glass sheet heated to a tempering temperature includes cooling the glass sheet at a first heat transfer coefficient at a first quench station and cooling the glass sheet at a second heat transfer coefficient at a second quench station downstream of the first quench station. The second heat transfer coefficient is greater than the first heat transfer coefficient. In a multistage process of the invention, a plurality of quench stations could be used with each downstream quench station having a larger heat transfer coefficient than the previous upstream quench station.
1. A method of tempering a glass sheet heated to a tempering temperature, comprising:
(a) cooling the glass sheet with a first gaseous cooling fluid at a first heat transfer rate for a first period of time using a first heat transfer coefficient in the range of 33 Btu/hr/ft 2 /° F. to 129 Btu/hr/ft 2 /° F.;
(b) cooling the glass sheet with a second gaseous cooling fluid at a second heat transfer rate after step (a), with the second heat transfer rate being greater than the first heat transfer rate and using a second heat transfer coefficient in the range of 144 Btu/hr/ft 2 /° F. to 235 Btu/hr/ft 2 /° F.; and
(c) cooling the glass sheet with a third gaseous cooling fluid at a third heat transfer rate after step (b), with the third heat transfer rate being greater than the second heat transfer rate and using a third heat transfer coefficient in the range of 272 to 388 Btu/hr/ft 2 /° F.,
wherein the first gaseous cooling fluid, the second gaseous cooling fluid, and the third gaseous cooling fluid can be the same or different, and
wherein cooling with the first gaseous cooling fluid, cooling with the second gaseous cooling fluid, and cooling with the third gaseous cooling fluid are each conducted such that the glass sheet in each case has a maximum surface tension of ≦5,000 psi.
2. The method of claim 1 , including performing steps (a), (b), and (c) in a single quench station.
3. The method of claim 1 , comprising:
cooling the glass sheet at the first heat transfer rate at a first quench station;
cooling the glass sheet at the second heat transfer rate at a second quench station downstream of the first quench station; and
cooling the glass sheet at the third heat transfer rate at a third quench station downstream of the second quench station.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
cooling the glass sheet at successive quench stations until the glass center temperature is below the glass transition range or until the contribution of the successive stations to the final surface compression is substantially zero.
5. The method of claim 1 , including maintaining a glass sheet surface tension of less than 4800 psi during the tempering process.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first, second, and third heat removal rates are adjusted by adjusting at least one of the temperature of a cooling fluid, a nozzle to glass distance, fluid flow rate, fluid pressure, and type of cooling fluid.
7. A glass sheet made by the method of claim 1 .
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first gaseous cooling fluid remains in a gaseous state during step (a), the second gaseous cooling fluid remains in a gaseous state during step (b), and the third gaseous cooling fluid remains in a gaseous state during step (c).