Polycyclic dihydroxy compound and methods for preparation
A process of forming a polycyclic dihydroxy compound is described. The polycyclic dihydroxy compound has Formula (I) wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a cyano functionality, a halogen, an aliphatic functionality having 1 to 10 carbons, a cycloaliphatic functionality having 3 to 10 carbons, and an aromatic functionality having 6 to 10 carbons; and wherein each occurrence of “n”, “m”, and “p” independently has a value of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. Also described are polycyclic dihydroxy compounds of Formula (I) in which the phthalimide group is meta to the triaryl-substituted carbon.
1 . A process of forming a polycyclic dihydroxy compound, comprising:
reacting a phenol compound of Formula (II) with a nitro-substituted acetophenone compound of Formula (III) in the presence of an aromatic sulfonic acid to produce a nitro-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound of Formula (IV)
wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a cyano functionality, a halogen, an aliphatic functionality having 1 to 10 carbons, a cycloaliphatic functionality having 3 to 10 carbons, and an aromatic functionality having 6 to 10 carbons; and wherein each occurrence of “n” and “m” independently has a value of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
reducing the nitro-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound of Formula (IV) to produce an amine-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound of Formula (V)
reacting the amine-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound of Formula (V) with a phthalic anhydride compound of Formula (VI) to produce a phthalimide-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound of Formula (I)
wherein R 3 is independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a cyano functionality, a halogen, an aliphatic functionality having 1 to 10 carbons, a cycloaliphatic functionality having 3 to 10 carbons, and an aromatic functionality having 6 to 10 carbons; and wherein each occurrence of “p” independently has a value of 0, 1, 2, 3,or 4.
2 . The process of claim 1 wherein the phenol compound is phenol.
3 . The process of claim 1 wherein the nitro-substituted acetophenone compound is 3-nitroacetophenone, 4-nitroacetophenone, or a combination thereof.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic sulfonic acid is para-toluenesulfonic acid.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic sulfonic acid is used in an amount of about 0.2 to about 3 moles per mole of the nitro-substituted acetophenone compound.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein reacting the phenol compound with the nitro-substituted acetophenone compound occurs at a temperature of about 60° C. to about 160° C. for a time of about 30 hours to about 70 hours.
7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein reducing the nitro-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound is accomplished by reacting the nitro-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising palladium on carbon.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein reducing the nitro-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound occurs at a temperature of about 30° C. to about 80° C.
9 . The process of claim 1 wherein the phthalic anhydride compound is phthalic anhydride.
10 . The process of claim 1 wherein the amine-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound is reacted with the phthalic anhydride compound in the presence of acetic acid.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the amine-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound is reacted with the phthalic anhydride compound at a temperature of about 60° C. to about 110° C.
12 . A process of forming a polycyclic dihydroxy compound, comprising:
reacting phenol with a nitro-substituted acetophenone compound selected from 3-nitroacetophenone, 4-nitroacetophenone, and mixtures thereof, in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid to produce a nitro-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound of Formula (VII)
reducing the nitro-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium on carbon catalyst to produce an amine-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound of Formula (VIII)
reacting the amine-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound with phthalic anhydride in acetic acid to produce a phthalimide-substituted polycyclic dihydroxy compound of Formula (IX)
13 . A polycyclic dihydroxy compound produced by the process of claim 1 , wherein the phthalimide group of Formula (IX) is meta to the triaryl-substituted carbon.
14 . A polycyclic dihydroxy compound produced by the process of claim 12 , wherein the nitro-substituted acetophenone compound comprises 3-nitroacetophenone.
15 . A compound of Formula (X)
wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of a cyano functionality, a halogen, an aliphatic functionality having 1 to 10 carbons, a cycloaliphatic functionality having 3 to 10 carbons, and an aromatic functionality having 6 to 10 carbons; and wherein each occurrence of “n”, “m”, and “p” independently has a value of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
16 . The compound of claim 15 , wherein each occurrence of “m”, “n”, and “p” is zero.