Benzopyran colorants, method of manufacture, and method of use

1. A compound of Formula (I)

wherein

X is hydrogen or a radical of Formula (II)

R 1 independently at each occurrence is a C 1 –C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 –C 10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C 3 –C 10 aromatic radical;

R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently at each occurrence a halogen, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, a C 1 –C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 –C 20 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C 6 –C 20 aromatic radical; and

“n”, “q”, and “p” are each independently integers having a value of 0 to 3, and “m” is an integer having a value of 0 to 4.

2. A compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 independently at each occurrence is a C 1 –C 10 aliphatic radical, a C 3 –C 10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C 6 –C 10 aromatic radical.

3. A compound of claim 1 , wherein each R 1 is the same, and is an unsubstituted C 1 –C 6 aliphatic radical.

4. A compound of claim 1 , wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently at each occurrence a halogen, a nitro group, or a cyano group; X is a radical of Formula (II); and “n”, “q”, “m” and “p” are each independently integers having a value of 0 to 2.

5. A compound of claim 1 , wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently at each occurrence a halogen, a nitro group, or a cyano group; X is hydrogen; and “n”, “q”, “m” and “p” are each independently integers having a value of 0 to 2.

6. A compound of claim 1 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are independently at each occurrence a halogen, a nitro group, or a cyano group; “n”, “p”, and “q” are each 0 or 1; and “m” is 0.

7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each R 1 is the same and is a C 1 –C 8 aliphatic radical, X is hydrogen, and n, m, q, and p are each 0.

8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each R 1 is the same and is a C 1 –C 8 aliphatic radical, X is a radical of Formula (II), and n, m, q, and p are each 0.

9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each R 1 is ethyl, n, m, q, and p are each 0.

10. A process comprising

reacting a compound of Formula (III) with a compound of Formula (IV)

 in the presence of a first catalyst and a first solvent to provide a compound of Formula

reacting the compound of Formula (V) with malononitrile in the presence of a second solvent to provide a compound of Formula (VI)

reacting the compound of Formula (VI) with a compound of Formula (VII) or Formula (VIII)

 in the presence of a second catalyst and a third solvent to provide a compound of Formula (I)

wherein

X is hydrogen or a radical of the Formula (II);

R 1 independently at each occurrence is a C 1 –C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 –C 10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C 3 –C 10 aromatic radical;

R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently at each occurrence a halogen, a nitro group, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, a C 1 –C 20 aliphatic radical, a C 3 –C 20 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C 6 –C 20 aromatic radical; and

“n”, “p”, and “q” are each independently integers having a value of 0 to 3, “m” is an integer having a value of 0 to 4.

11. The process of claim 10 , wherein R 1 is ethyl and m, n, o, and p are each 0; the first catalyst is piperidine and the first solvent is methanol, the second solvent is ethyl cellosolve, and the third solvent is pyridine.

12. The process of claim 10 where the compound of Formula (III) is 4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

13. The process of claim 10 where the compound of Formula (IV) is 2-(cyanomethyl)benzimidazole.

14. The process of claim 10 where the compound of Formula (VII) is 9-oxo-9H-thioxanthene-10,10-dioxide-3-carboxylic acid chloride.

15. The process of claim 10 where the compound of Formula (I) is 9,10,10-trioxo-9,10-dihydro-10,16-thioxanthene-3-carboxylic acid (6-cyano-9-diethylamino-7-oxa-4b,13-diaza-indeno[2,1-a]anthracen-5-ylidene)-amide.

16. A composition comprising the compound of claim 1 and a thermoplastic resin.

17. The composition of claim 16 , wherein the compound of Formula (I) is present in an amount of about 0.05 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the thermoplastic resin.