Pregelatinized chemically modified resistant starch products and uses thereof
Pregelatinized forms of chemically modified resistant starches are provided which have a high degree of resistance to α-amylase digestion, fat-like texture and outstanding freeze-thaw stability. The starch products are formed as distarch phosphodiesters that undergo melting of the crystalline phase by heating above their gelatinization temperature. The products maintain a granular morphology that produces a smooth texture. The pregelatinized resistant starches may be used in various food products, where they lend high dietary fiber, low fat and/or low calorie characteristics to the product.
1 . A pregelatinized starch comprising a plurality of individual, cross-linked starch granules, said granules lacking a crystalline phase.
2 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein said starch granules are derived from the group of starch sources consisting of cereal, root, tuber and legume.
3 . The starch of claim 2 , wherein said starch granules are derived from the group of starch sources consisting of wheat, waxy wheat, corn, waxy corn, high amylose corn, oat, rice, tapioca, mung bean, sago, sweet potato, potato, barley, triticale, sorghum and banana.
4 . The starch of claim 2 , wherein said granules are cross-linked by a cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of phosphorylating agents, adipic acid, epichlorohydrin and mixtures thereof.
5 . The starch of claim 4 , wherein said phosphorylating agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, phosphoryl chloride and mixtures thereof.
6 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein said starch granules are oxidized.
7 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein the starch is stable during successive freezing and thawing cycles without the loss of more than about 25% water content.
8 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein the starch is stable during successive freezing and thawing cycles without the loss of more than about 20% water content.
9 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein said starch contains at least about 0.1% by weight phosphorus.
10 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein said starch absorbs at least about 2.5 ml/g cold water.
11 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein said starch absorbs at least about 3.0 ml/g cold water.
12 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein a differential scanning calorimetry graph of the pregelatinized starch does not show an endothermic gelatinization transition.
13 . The starch of claim 1 , wherein a lack of birefringence is observed when the pregelatinized starch is viewed in plane polarized light under a microscope.
14 . A food product including therein the starch of claim 1 .
15 . The food product of claim 14 , wherein the food product is selected from the group consisting of cereal grain, frozen desserts, yogurt, ice cream, reduced fat brownie, reduced fat peanut butter cookie, reduced fat sugar cookie, reduced fat cinnamon roll, fiber enriched cinnamon roll filling, reduced fat buttermilk biscuit, reduced fat blueberry muffin, reduced fat white cake, high fiber, instant mashed potatoes, reduced fat meat products, reduced fat cheesecake, dietary fiber enriched salad dressing, reduced fat ice cream, sundae style yogurt, and reduced fat crème filling.
16 . A food product including therein the starch of claim 1 in an amount between about 1-50 weight % based on the weight of the uncooked food product.
17 . A food product including therein the starch of claim 1 in an amount between about 2-10 weight % based on the weight of the uncooked food product.
18 . A cross-linked and pregelatinized granular starch exhibiting at least about 20% resistance to α-amylase digestion using AOAC method 991.43.
19 . A method of preparing a pregelatinized starch comprising:
forming a dispersion of starch granules in water, said granules having a crystalline phase;
adding a cross-linking agent to said dispersion while said granules are swelled; and
heating said cross-linked starch dispersion in order to completely melt the crystalline phase of said granules without disrupting the granular morphology.
20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
isolating the starch granules, and
mixing the isolated starch granules with a food composition.