Integrated high temperature PEM fuel cell system
View Patent ↗A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack that includes PEM fuel cells. Each fuel cell has an operating temperature of at least 120° C. The fuel cell stack has a cathode inlet to receive a flow of ambient air and a cathode outlet to provide a cathode exhaust flow. The fuel cell system includes a fuel processing reactor that has inlet and an outlet. The inlet and outlet are in fluid communication with a catalyst that is suitable for convening a hydrocarbon into a gas that contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The outlet is in fluid communication with an anode chamber of the fuel cell, and the inlet of the fuel processing reactor is in fluid communication with the cathode outlet.
1. A method of operating a fuel cell system, comprising:
providing a flow of ambient air to a cathode chamber of a PEM fuel cell;
reacting a portion of the air in the fuel cell to produce electricity;
exhausting a remaining portion of the air from the fuel cell directly to a reactor assembly, wherein the remaining portion of air contains water vapor, wherein the fuel cell abuts the reactor assembly;
mixing at least a portion of the exhausted air with a hydrocarbon gas to form a feed mixture;
processing the feed mixture in the reactor assembly to generate a reformate flow;
routing the reformate flow from the reactor assembly to an anode chamber of the fuel cell;
regulating the remaining portion of the air from the fuel cell to cause the remaining portion of the air to contain a sufficient water content to provide a ratio of the molar flow of water in the remaining portion to the carbon molar flow of fuel into the reactor over 2.0; and
maintaining an operating temperature of the fuel cell in the range 150-180° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining production of electricity by the fuel cell without introducing water to either the path of the ambient air flow or to the path of the reformate flow from a water source external to the ambient air flow path and the reformate flow path and without introducing water directly to the fuel cell.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the molar flow of water to the carbon molar flow of fuel into the reactor is in the range of over 2.0 to 5.0.