Additives for low-sulfur mineral oil distillates, comprising graft copolymers based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
The invention provides graft copolymers obtainable by grafting an ester (a) of a C 8 - to C 22 -alcohol and acrylic acid to a copolymer (b) which contains from 3.5 to 21 mol % of vinyl acetate in addition to ethylene, and for their use as cold additives in fuel oils.
1 . A graft copolymer obtained by grafting an ester (a) of a C 8 - to C 22 -alcohol and acrylic acid to a copolymer (b) which comprises from 3.5 to 21 mol % of vinyl acetate in addition to ethylene, and from 1 to 15 mol-% of an olefinically unsaturated monomer selected from alkenes having from 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
2 . A graft copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , which has a molecular weight (Mn) of from 1000 to 10 000 g/mol.
3 . A graft copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , which has a molecular weight distribution M w /M n of 1-10.
4 . A graft copolymer of claim 1 , wherein copolymer b) comprises from 7.5 to 15 mol % of vinyl acetate.
5 . (canceled)
6 . A graft copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the olefinically unsaturated monomer is selected from propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene or norbornene.
7 . A graft copolymer of claim 1 , which has a weight ratio of the ester a) to copolymer b) of from 4:1 to 1:4.
8 . A composition comprising the graft copolymer of claim 1 a copolymer (c) which, apart from ethylene, contains from 3.5 to 20 mol % of a vinyl ester of a C 2 to C 4 carboxylic acid and from 0.1 to 12 mol % of a C 6 to C 12 carboxylic acid, said composition having a total content of vinyl ester of from 6 to 21 mol %.
9 . The composition as claimed in claim 8 , in which the copolymer (c), apart from ethylene, contains from 3.5 to 20 mol % of vinyl acetate or from 0.1 to 12 mol % of vinyl neononanoate or from 0.1 to 12 mol % of vinyl neodecanoate, or mixtures thereof, the composition having a total comonomer content between 6 and 21 mol %.
10 . A composition comprising the graft copolymer of claim 1 , and a further copolymer which, in addition to ethylene and from 8 to 18 mol % of vinyl esters, also comprises from 1 to 15 mol % of olefinic monomer selected from the group consisting of propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, iisobutylene, norbornene, and mixtures thereof.
11 . The composition as claimed in claim 8 , in which the copolymers have a melt viscosity between 20 and 10 000 mPas.
12 . The composition of claim 8 , further comprising at least one alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin of the formula
in which R 5 is C 4 -C 30 -alkyl or C 4 -C 30 -alkenyl and n is from 2 to 50.
13 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one salt selected from the group consisting of an amine, an imide, an amide of a primary or secondary fatty amine having 8 to 36 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
14 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one copolymer which is derived from the group consisting of an amide, an imide, an ester of an acid selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, fumaric acid itaconic acid, and mixtures of said acids, and mixtures thereof.
15 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a comb polymer of the formula
in which
A is R′, COOR′, OCOR′, R″—COOR′ or OR′;
D is H, CH 3 , A or R;
E is H or A;
G is H, R″, R″—COOR′, an aryl radical or a heterocyclic radical;
M is H, COOR″, OCOR″, OR″ or COOH;
N is H, R″, COOR″, OCOR, COOH or an aryl radical;
R′ is a hydrocarbon chain having 8-150 carbon atoms;
R″ is a hydrocarbon chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
m is between 0.4 and 1.0; and
n is between 0 and 0.6.
16 . A fuel oil composition F comprising the graft polymer of claim 1 an a fuel oil selected from the group consisting of
F1 a fuel oil of mineral origin,
F2 a fuel oil of animal or vegetable origin,
F3 a fuel oil prepared by the Fischer-Tropsch process, and mixtures thereof.
17 . The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 16 , whose constituent F2 comprises one or more esters of monocarboxylic acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and one or more alcohols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
18 . The fuel oil composition as claimed in claim 17 , in which one or more of said alcohols is methanol or ethanol.
19 . The fuel oil composition of claim 16 , in which the constituent F2 comprises more than 5% by weight of esters of saturated fatty acids.
20 . The fuel oil composition of claim 16 , in which the constituent F2 is present to an extent of more than 2% by volume.
21 . The fuel oil composition of claim 16 , in which the constituent F3 is present to an extent of more than 2% by volume.
22 . A method for improving the cold flow properties and paraffin dispersancy of a fuel oil, said method comprising adding to said fuel oil the graft copolymer of claim 1.