Coated articles formed of microcapsules with reactive functional groups
A coated article includes a substrate and a coating covering at least a portion of the substrate. The coating includes a binder having a glass transition temperature in the range of −110° C. to −40° C. The coating also includes a set of microcapsules having sizes in the range of 1 micron to 15 microns, and at least one of the set of microcapsules is chemically bonded to either of, or both, the substrate and the binder.
1 . A coated article, comprising:
a substrate; and
a coating covering at least a portion of the substrate and including:
a binder having a glass transition temperature in the range of −110° C. to −40° C.; and
a plurality of microcapsules having sizes in the range of 1 micron to 15 microns, at least one of the plurality of microcapsules being chemically bonded to at least one of the substrate and the binder.
2 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is one of a fabric, a yarn, a fiber, and a leather.
3 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is formed of at least one of cellulose, silk, and wool.
4 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature of the binder is in the range of −110° C. to −75° C.
5 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the binder is a silicon-containing polymer that includes a set of epoxy groups.
6 . The coated article of claim 5 , wherein the silicon-containing polymer includes from 0.2 percent to 5 percent by weight of the set of epoxy groups.
7 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the binder is a silicon-containing polymer that includes a set of amino groups.
8 . The coated article of claim 7 , wherein the silicon-containing polymer includes from 0.1 percent to 20 percent by weight of the set of amino groups.
9 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the binder is a polyglycol that includes a set of epoxy groups.
10 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the binder is a polyol that includes a set of isocyanate groups.
11 . The coated article of claim 10 , wherein the polyol includes from 5 percent to 30 percent by weight of the set of isocyanate groups.
12 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of microcapsules is chemically bonded to both the substrate and the binder.
13 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of microcapsules is covalently bonded via at least one of an amide group, an ester group, an ether group, an urea group, and an urethane group.
14 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of microcapsules is ionically bonded to at least one of the substrate and the binder.
15 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the sizes of the plurality of microcapsules are in the range of 1 micron to 5 microns.
16 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of microcapsules are monodisperse with respect to their sizes.
17 . The coated article of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of microcapsules contain a phase change material having a latent heat of at least 40 J/g and a transition temperature in the range of 0° C. to 50° C.
18 . The coated article of claim 17 , wherein the phase change material controls heat transfer across the coated article based on at least one of absorption and release of the latent heat at the transition temperature.
19 . The coated article of claim 17 , wherein the coating includes from 40 percent to 90 percent by dry weight of the plurality of microcapsules containing the phase change material.
20 . The coated article of claim 19 , wherein the coating includes from 50 percent to 80 percent by dry weight of the plurality of microcapsules containing the phase change material.
21 . The coated article of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of microcapsules and the phase change material correspond to a first plurality of microcapsules and a first phase change material, respectively, and the coating further includes a second plurality of microcapsules dispersed in the binder.
22 . The coated article of claim 21 , wherein at least one of the second plurality of microcapsules is chemically bonded to at least one of the substrate and the binder.
23 . The coated article of claim 21 , wherein the second plurality of microcapsules contain a second phase change material that is different from the first phase change material.
24 . A coated article, comprising:
a substrate; and
a coating adjacent to the substrate and formed using:
a binder; and
a plurality of microcapsules dispersed in the binder, at least one of the plurality of microcapsules including:
a shell defining an internal compartment and including a set of functional groups to chemically bond to at least one of the substrate and the binder; and
a phase change material positioned in the internal compartment, the phase change material having a latent heat of at least 40 J/g and a transition temperature in the range of 0° C. to 50° C.
25 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the coating is further formed using a catalyst to facilitate chemical bonding of the set of functional groups to at least one of the substrate and the binder.
26 . The coated article of claim 25 , wherein the catalyst includes at least one of a boron salt, a hypophosphite salt, a phosphate salt, a tin salt, and a zinc salt.
27 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein chemical bonding of the set of functional groups forms at least one of an amide group, an ester group, an ether group, an urea group, and an urethane group.
28 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the binder is cross-linked via at least one of the plurality of microcapsules.
29 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the shell includes from 25 molar percent to 60 molar percent of monomeric units including the set of functional groups.
30 . The coated article of claim 29 , wherein the shell includes from 40 molar percent to 50 molar percent of the monomeric units including the set of functional groups.
31 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the shell includes monomeric units based on at least one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
32 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the set of functional groups include at least one of an acid anhydride group, an aldehyde group, an amino group, a N-substituted amino group, a carbonyl group, a carboxy group, an epoxy group, an ester group, an ether group, a glycidyl group, a hydroxy group, an isocyanate group, a thiol group, a disulfide group, and a silyl group.
33 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the latent heat of the phase change material is at least 60 J/g.
34 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the transition temperature of the phase change material is in the range of 22° C. to 40° C.
35 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the phase change material includes a linear alkane having from 14 to 23 carbon atoms.
36 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the coating includes from 60 percent to 70 percent by dry weight of the plurality of microcapsules.
37 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the coated article has a Temperature Regulating Factor that is less than 0.5.
38 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the coated article has a water absorption time that is less than 10 seconds.
39 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the coated article has a latent heat that is greater than 8 J/g.
40 . The coated article of claim 39 , wherein a percentage loss of the latent heat of the coated article is less than 21 percent after subjecting the coated article to 10 laundry cycles.
41 . The coated article of claim 24 , wherein the plurality of microcapsules and the phase change material correspond to a first plurality of microparticles and a first phase change material, respectively, and the coating is further formed using a second plurality of microparticles dispersed in the binder.
42 . The coated article of claim 41 , wherein at least one of the second plurality of microparticles includes a second phase change material absorbed therein.