Method and apparatus for controlling pump powers of broadband Raman amplifiers in optical transmission systems incorporating virtual channels to reduce noise
A method and apparatus for controlling the pump powers of a broadband DWDM optical system using Raman amplification which determines pump settings that are advantageously directed to minimizing the peak-to-peak ripple of the channel powers with respect to a given per-channel target. The illustrative method and apparatus first formulates a linear programming optimization problem, and then solves the formulated linear program in order to derive a new set of pump powers to be applied to the Raman amplification pumps. In accordance with the principles of the invention, the formulated linear programming optimization problem advantageously includes one or more “virtual” channels in addition to the actual channels used in the optical transmission system. The linear program may be solved with use of any conventional linear programming solution technique, such as, for example, the simplex method.
1. A method for determining one or more Raman pump powers for use in an optical transmission system employing Raman amplification, the optical transmission system operating over a predetermined spectrum and comprising a plurality of active transmission channels covering less than all of said spectrum, the method comprising the steps of:
defining one or more virtual channels in a portion of said predetermined spectrum not covered by said plurality of active transmission channels;
defining an objective function directed to determining one or more new pump power setting values, the objective function based on one or more of said active transmission channels and further based on at least one of said one or more virtual channels;
solving the objective function to thereby determine the one or more new pump power setting values; and
setting one or more Raman pumps to said one or more new pump power setting values.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the objective function is based on one or more channel power values associated with one or more corresponding ones of said plurality of active transmission channels, and is further based on one or more channel power values associated with said one or more virtual channels.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said objective function is directed to maximizing a decrease in said one or more channel power values associated with said one or more virtual channels.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of defining an objective function comprises formulating a linear programming optimization problem directed to determining said one or more new pump power setting values, and wherein the step of solving the objective function comprises determining a solution to said linear programming optimization problem.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the step of solving the objective function comprises solving the linear programming optimization problem with use of a simplex method-based technique.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the objective function is directed to determining the one or more new pump power setting values which substantially minimize a peak-to-peak ripple of the one or more channel power values with respect to one or more channel power target values.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein the objective function is directed to determining one or more pump power change values representing differences between the one or more new pump power setting values and one or more previous pump power setting values.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the objective function is directed to determining the one or more pump power change values which substantially minimize a sum of:
(i) a peak-to-peak ripple of the one or more channel power values with respect to one or more channel power target values, and
(ii) a function of said one or more pump power change values.
9. The method of claim 2 wherein said one or more channel power values associated with said active transmission channels and said one or more channel power values associated with said one or more virtual channels have been determined with use of one or more optical channel monitors.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the optical transmission system uses a wavelength-division-multiplexing technique.
11. An apparatus for determining one or more Raman pump powers for use in an optical transmission system employing Raman amplification, the optical transmission system operating over a predetermined spectrum and comprising a plurality of active transmission channels covering less than all of said spectrum, the apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory comprises computer executable code which when executed will:
define one or more virtual channels in a portion of said predetermined spectrum not covered by said plurality of active transmission channels;
define an objective function directed to determining one or more new pump power setting values, the objective function based on one or more of said active transmission channels and further based on at least one of said one or more virtual channels; and
solve the objective function to thereby determine the one or more new pump power setting values.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the objective function is based on one or more channel power values associated with one or more corresponding ones of said plurality of active transmission channels, and is further based on one or more channel power values associated with said one or more virtual channels.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said objective function is directed to maximizing a decrease in said one or more channel power values associated with said one or more virtual channels.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the defining of an objective function comprises formulating a linear programming optimization problem directed to determining said one or more new pump power setting values, and wherein the solving of the objective function comprises determining a solution to said linear programming optimization problem.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the solving of the objective function comprises solving the linear programming optimization problem with use of a simplex method-based technique.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the objective function is directed to determining the one or more new pump power setting values which substantially minimize a peak-to-peak ripple of the one or more channel power values with respect to one or more channel power target values.
17. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the objective function is directed to determining one or more pump power change values representing differences between the one or more new pump power setting values and one or more previous pump power setting values.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the objective function is directed to determining the one or more pump power change values which substantially minimize a sum of:
(i) a peak-to-peak ripple of the one or more channel power values with respect to one or more channel power target values, and
(ii) a function of said one or more pump power change values.
19. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said one or more channel power values associated with said active transmission channels and said one or more channel power values associated with said one or more virtual channels have been determined with use of one or more optical channel monitors.
20. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the optical transmission system uses a wavelength-division-multiplexing technique.