Redundancy in routing devices
Providing redundancy between an active component and a standby component in a network router comprises maintaining a first route input information base associated with the active component, synchronizing with the first route information base a second route input information base associated with the standby component, generating a route output information base using the second route input information base, and comparing the generated route output information base, in the event of switchover of the standby component to an active mode, to a synchronized route output information base associated with the standby component which synchronized route output information base reflects routes known to have been shared with one or more peers by the active component prior to the switchover, and sharing and/or withdrawing routes as necessary to reflect any differences between the generated route output information base and the synchronized route output information base.
1. A method of providing redundancy between an active component and a standby component in a network router, comprising:
maintaining a first route input information base associated with the active component;
synchronizing with the first route input information base a second route input information base associated with the standby component;
maintaining a first route output information base associated with the active component;
synchronizing with the first route output information base, a synchronized route output information base associated with the standby component;
generating a route output information base associated with the standby component using the second route input information base associated with the standby component; and
comparing the generated route output information base associated with the standby component in the event of switchover of the standby component to an active mode, to the synchronized route output information base associated with the standby component, which synchronized route output information base reflects routes known to have been shared with one or more peers by the active component prior to the switchover, and sharing and/or withdrawing routes as necessary to reflect any differences between the generated route output information base and the synchronized route output information base.
2. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the active component includes an active routing application and the standby component includes a standby routing application.
3. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the active component includes an active Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) application and the standby component includes a standby BGP application.
4. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein generating the — route output information base occurs after switching the standby component to active.
5. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein generating the route output information base comprises applying a policy to the second route input information base.
6. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first and the second route input information bases include route information received from one or more peers.
7. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the active component includes an active transmit control protocol (TCP) queue and the standby component includes a standby TCP queue; and the method further comprises synchronizing the standby TCP queue with the active TCP queue.
8. A method as recited in claim 7 , wherein maintaining the second route input information base comprises monitoring the standby TCP queue and updating the second route input information base using the standby TCP queue.
9. A method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the synchronized third route output information base is synchronized by monitoring the standby TCP queue and updating the synchronized route output information base using the standby TCP queue.
10. A method as recited in claim 7 , further comprising receiving a packet from the standby TCP queue, determining whether the packet is (a) one received from a peer or (b) one transmitted by the active component, using the packet to update the second route input information base in the event it is determined the received packet is one received from a peer, and using the packet to update the synchronized route output information base in the event it is determined the received packet is one transmitted by the active component.
11. A method as recited in claim 7 , wherein the active TCP queue and the standby TCP queue are fixed sized queues and an application associated with the active component is configured to send only whole packets.
12. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the active component includes an active BGP application and the standby component includes a standby BGP application, and the method further comprises:
switching the standby BGP application to active; and wherein:
generating a route output information base associated with the standby component comprises generating a switched RIB_OUT;
comparing the generated route output information base to a synchronized route output information base comprises comparing the switched RIB_OUT with a standby RIB_OUT associated with the standby BGP application; and
sharing and/or withdrawing routes as necessary comprises sending the difference between the switched RIB_OUT and the standby RIB_OUT to one or more BGP peers.
13. A method as recited in claim 12 , wherein the switched RIB_OUT is generated based on a standby RIB_IN associated with the standby BGP application.
14. A routing device comprising:
an input/output interface configured to transmit and receive data;
an active component coupled with the input/output interface, configured to maintain a first route input information base associated with the active component; and maintain a first route output information base associated with the active component;
a standby component coupled with the input/output interface, configured to:
maintain a second route input information base that is associated with the standby component and synchronized with the first input route information base;
generate an output route information base using the second route input information base;
maintain a synchronized route output information base associated with the standby component; and
compare the generated route output information base, in the event of switchover of the standby component to an active mode, to the synchronized route output information base associated with the standby component which synchronized route output information base reflects routes known to have been shared with one or more peers by the active component prior to the switchover, and share and/or withdraw routes as necessary to reflect any differences between the generated route output information base and the synchronized route output information base.
15. A routing device as recited in claim 14 , wherein the active component includes an active routing application and the standby component includes a standby routing application.
16. A routing device as recited in claim 14 , wherein the active component includes an active Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) application and the standby component includes a standby BGP application.
17. A routing device as recited in claim 14 , wherein the standby component is configured to generate the route output information base after switching the standby component to active.
18. A routing device as recited in claim 14 , wherein the standby component is configured to generate the route output information base by applying a policy to the second route input information base.
19. A routing device as recited in claim 14 , wherein the first and the second route input information bases include route information received from one or more peers.
20. A routing device as recited in claim 14 , wherein the active component includes an active transmit control protocol (TCP) queue and the standby component includes a standby TCP queue; and the standby TCP queue is synchronized with the active TCP queue.
21. A routing device as recited in claim 20 , wherein the standby component is configured to monitor the standby TCP queue and update the second route input information base using the standby TCP queue.
22. A routing device as recited in claim 20 , wherein the standby component is configured to synchronize the synchronized route output information base by monitoring the standby TCP queue and updating the synchronized route output information base using the standby TCP queue.
23. A routing device as recited in claim 20 , wherein the standby component is further configured to receive a packet from the standby TCP queue, determine whether the packet is (a) one received from a peer or (b) one transmitted by the active component, use the packet to update the second route input information base in the event it is determined the received packet is one received from a peer, and use the packet to update the synchronized route output information base in the event it is determined the received packet is one transmitted by the active component.
24. A routing device as recited in claim 20 , wherein the active TCP queue and the standby TCP queue are fixed sized queues and an application associated with the active component is configured to send only whole packets of a size less than or equal to the size of the fixed size queues.
25. A routing device as recited in claim 14 , wherein the active component includes an active BGP application and the standby component includes a standby BGP application, and the standby component is further configured to:
switch to an active role;
generate a route output information base by generating a switched RIB_OUT;
compare the generated route output information base by comparing the switched RIB_OUT with a standby RIB_OUT associated with the standby BGP application; and
share and/or withdraw routes as necessary by sending the difference between the switched RIB_OUT and the standby RIB_OUT to one or more BGP peers.
26. A routing device as recited in claim 25 , wherein the switched RIB_OUT is generated based on a standby RIB_IN associated with the standby BGP application.
27. A computer program product for providing redundancy between an active component and a standby component, the computer program product being embodied in a computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
maintaining a first route input information base associated with the active component;
synchronizing with the first route input information base a second route input information base associated with the standby component;
maintaining a first route output information base associated with the active component;
synchronizing with the first route output information base, a synchronized route output information base associated with the standby component;
generating a route output information base associated with the standby component using the second input information base associated with the standby component; and
comparing the generated route output information base associated with the standby component in the event of switchover of the standby component to an active mode, to the synchronized route output information base associated with the standby component which synchronized route output information base reflects routes known to have been shared with one or more peers by the active component prior to the switchover, and sharing and/or withdrawing routes as necessary to reflect any differences between the generated route output information base and the synchronized route output information base.
28. A computer program product as recited in claim 27 , wherein the active component includes an active routing application and the standby component includes a standby routing application.
29. A computer program product as recited in claim 27 , wherein the active component includes an active Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) application and the standby component includes a standby BGP application.
30. A computer program product as recited in claim 27 , wherein generating the route output information base occurs after switching the standby component to active.
31. A computer program product as recited in claim 27 , wherein generating the route output information base comprises applying a policy to the second route input information base.
32. A computer program product as recited in claim 27 , wherein the first and the second route input information bases include route information received from one or more peers.
33. A computer program product as recited in claim 27 , wherein the active component includes an active transmit control protocol (TCP) queue and the standby component includes a standby TCP queue; and the method further comprises synchronizing the standby TCP queue with the active TCP queue.
34. A computer program product as recited in claim 33 , wherein maintaining the second route input information base comprises monitoring the standby TCP queue and updating the second route input information base using the standby TCP queue.
35. A computer program product as recited in claim 33 , wherein the synchronized route output information base is synchronized by monitoring the standby TCP queue and updating the synchronized route output information base using the standby TCP queue.
36. A computer program product as recited in claim 33 , further comprising computer instructions for receiving a packet from the standby TCP queue, determining whether the packet is (a) one received from a peer or (b) one transmitted by the active component, using the packet to update the second route input information base in the event it is determined the received packet is one received from a peer, and using the packet to update the synchronized route output information base in the event it is determined the received packet is one transmitted by the active component.
37. A computer program product as recited in claim 33 , wherein the active TCP queue and the standby TCP queue are fixed sized queues and an application associated with the active component is configured to send only whole packets of a size less than or equal to the size of the fixed size queues.
38. A computer program product as recited in claim 27 , wherein the active component includes an active BGP application and the standby component includes a standby BGP application, and further comprising computer instructions for:
switching the standby BGP application to active; and
wherein:
generating a route output information base comprises generating a switched RIB_OUT;
comparing the generated route output information base to a synchronized route output information base comprises comparing the switched RIB_OUT with a standby RIB_OUT associated with the standby BGP application; and
sharing and/or withdrawing routes as necessary comprises sending the difference between the switched RIB_OUT and the standby RIB_OUT to one or more BGP peers.
39. A computer program product as recited in claim 38 , wherein the switched RIB_OUT is generated based on a standby RIB_IN associated with the standby BGP application.