Spatially patterned substrates for chemical and biological sensing
A system and method are provided for imaging a test substrate having a test surface that is configured to enable spectroscopic detection of one or more chemical or biological species, wherein the test surface includes a testing site disposed thereon according to a predetermined spatial pattern. The test substrate is provided in an image plane or a Fourier Transform plane of a sensor. The invention provides high throughput and high spectral resolution.
1. A patterned substrate spectrometer, comprising:
a test substrate;
a spatial pattern of chemically active substances for binding chemical or biological samples distributed across the test substrate according to a mathematical function;
a diffractive element;
a detector array;
a radiation source that emits radiation onto the spatial pattern;
one or more optical components that guide radiation radiated by the spatial pattern from the test substrate through the diffractive element and onto the detector array; and
a processor that receives an optical intensity from the detector array and calculates a mean spectrum of the spatial pattern from the optical intensity and the mathematical function.
2. The spectrometer of claim 1 , further comprising
a test sample that binds to the spatial pattern, wherein the processor receives a second optical intensity from the detector array and calculates a second mean spectrum of the spatial pattern from the second optical intensity and the mathematical function.
3. The spectrometer of claim 2 , wherein the test sample includes a chemical species.
4. The spectrometer of claim 2 , wherein the test sample includes a biological species.
5. The spectrometer of claim 2 , wherein the processor correlates a change between the mean spectrum and the second mean spectrum to a concentration of the test sample.
6. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the chemically active substance includes fluorescent tags.
7. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the chemically active substance includes nanoparticle assays.
8. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the detector array detects Raman scattering.
9. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the detector array detects localized surface plasmon resonance.
10. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the detector array detects fluorescence.
11. The spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein the mathematical function includes a harmonic function.
12. A patterned substrate spectrometer, comprising:
a test substrate;
a spatial pattern of chemically active substances for binding chemical or biological samples distributed across the test substrate according to a mathematical function to generate diffraction orders;
a detector array;
a radiation source that emits radiation;
one or more optical components that guide radiation radiated by the radiation source through the spatial pattern and onto the detector array; and
a processor that receives an optical intensity from the detector array and calculates a mean spectrum of the spatial pattern from the optical intensity and the mathematical function.
13. The spectrometer of claim 12 , further comprising
a test sample that binds to the spatial pattern, wherein the processor receives a second optical intensity from the detector array and calculates a second mean spectrum of the spatial pattern from the second optical intensity and the mathematical function.
14. The spectrometer of claim 13 , wherein the test sample includes a chemical species.
15. The spectrometer of claim 13 , wherein the test sample includes a biological species.
16. The spectrometer of claim 13 , wherein the processor correlates a change between the mean spectrum and the second mean spectrum to a concentration of the test sample.
17. The spectrometer of claim 12 , wherein the chemically active substance includes fluorescent tags.
18. The spectrometer of claim 12 , wherein the chemically active substance includes nanoparticle assays.
19. The spectrometer of claim 12 , wherein the detector array detects Raman scattering.
20. The spectrometer of claim 12 , wherein the detector array detects localized surface plasmon resonance.
21. The spectrometer of claim 12 , wherein the detector array detects fluorescence.
22. The spectrometer of claim 12 , wherein the mathematical function includes a harmonic function.
23. A method for calculating a concentration of a test sample using a patterned substrate spectrometer, comprising:
distributing a spatial pattern of chemically active substances for binding chemical or biological samples across a test substrate of the patterned substrate spectrometer according to a mathematical function;
detecting a first optical intensity radiated by the spatial pattern using a detector array of the patterned substrate spectrometer;
receiving the first optical intensity from the detector array using a processor;
calculating a first mean spectrum of the spatial pattern from the first optical intensity and the mathematical function using the processor;
binding a test sample to the spatial pattern;
detecting a second optical intensity radiated by the test sample bound to the spatial pattern using a detector array;
receiving the second optical intensity from the detector array using a processor;
calculating a second mean spectrum of the spatial pattern from the second optical intensity and the mathematical function using the processor; and
calculating a concentration of the test sample from a difference between the first mean spectrum and the second mean spectrum using the processor.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the test substrate is located in an image plane of the patterned substrate spectrometer.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the test substrate is located in a Fourier transform plane of the patterned substrate spectrometer.
26. The method of claim 23 , wherein the test sample includes a chemical species.
27. The method of claim 23 , wherein the test sample includes a biological species.
28. The method of claim 23 , wherein the chemically active substance includes fluorescent tags.
29. The method of claim 23 , wherein the chemically active substance includes nanoparticle assays.
30. The method of claim 23 , wherein the detector array detects Raman scattering.
31. The method of claim 23 , wherein the detector array detects localized surface plasmon resonance.
32. The method of claim 23 , wherein the detector array detects fluorescence.
33. The method of claim 23 , wherein the mathematical function includes a harmonic function.
34. The method of claim 23 , wherein the spatial pattern is selected to enhance spectral signal isolation and detection during spectroscopic detection.
35. The method of claim 23 , wherein the spatial pattern enables the spectroscopic detection based on a single spectroscopic image of the test substrate.