Oil-in-oil emulsions
View Patent ↗An stable oil-in-oil emulsion is disclosed containing a first oil phase dispersed as droplets in a continuous second oil phase, which droplets have a number median diameter of 10 nm to 1000 nm, wherein the first oil phase is substantially immiscible in the second oil phase and wherein the first oil phase comprises a liquid organic phosphate compound. In one preferred embodiment, the first oil phase comprises colorants, polymers, and/or other additives, depending on the particular use of the emulsion.
1. An oil composition comprising a colloidally stable, water free oil-in-oil emulsion containing a first oil phase dispersed as droplets in a continuous non-polar second oil phase, which droplets have a number median diameter of 10 nm to 1000 nm, wherein the first oil phase comprises one or more oils in a first oil composition and the second oil phase comprises one or more oils in a second oil composition, the first oil composition comprises one or more liquid organic phosphate compounds, the first oil phase optionally further comprising colorant and/or polymer, wherein the one or more liquid organic phosphate compounds in the first oil composition is present in the amount of from 50 to 99 percent by weight of the dispersed first oil phase, wherein the continuous second oil phase has a dielectric constant less than 10, and wherein the second oil phase comprises one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted non-polar hydrocarbons, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 alkanes, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a dispersant.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the dispersant is an organic polymer that is substantially soluble in the continuous phase but not the dispersed phase.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein refractive index of the continuous second oil phase is substantially matched to that of the dispersed first oil phase such that the difference between respective refractive indices of the phases is between about zero and about 0.3.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the difference between the respective refractive indices is between about 0.05 and about 0.2.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein dielectric constant of the first and second oil compositions, respectively, in the two phases are both independently less than 25, before the addition of any solid additives to the oil compositions of the phases.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the second oil phase comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of octane, decane, dodecane, tetradecane, xylene, toluene, naphthalene, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, petroleum solvents, paraffinic liquids, white mineral oil, and mixtures thereof.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the liquid organic phosphate compound has a boiling point of about 100° C. or greater at atmospheric pressure, a dielectric constant less than 25, and a viscosity less than 100 cP at 25° C.
9. The composition of claim 1 where the first oil phase, including the first oil composition and optional polymers, colorants, or other additives, has a viscosity less than 200 cP at 25° C.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more oils in the first oil composition is selected from the group consisting of trialkylphosphates, triarylphosphates, and mixtures thereof.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the boiling points of the dispersed first oil phase and the continuous second oil phase, respectively, is independently greater than 100° C. at atmospheric pressure.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dispersed first oil phase comprises a molecularly dissolved polymer.
13. The composition of claim 12 wherein the polymer is polyester.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dispersed first oil phase further comprises a colorant.
15. The composition of claim 14 wherein the colorant in the dispersed first oil phase is a dye or pigment-based colorant.
16. The composition of claim 15 wherein the colorant is a pigment having an average particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm.
17. The composition of claim 15 wherein the pigment-based colorant comprises a pigment-polymer composite in which a pigment is dispersed in a polymer.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein the pigment-polymer composite is a product of melt compounding a colorant and a polymer, solidifying the melt, and then grinding or otherwise physically dividing solid melt into particles.
19. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dispersed first oil phase comprises both a colorant and a molecularly dissolved polymer.
20. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dispersed first oil phase comprises a colorant in an amount from 1 to 30 percent by weight of the dispersed first oil phase.
21. The composition of claim 1 wherein a pigment, a polymer, and/or a pigment-polymer composite is present in the dispersed first oil phase in a total amount of from 1 to 50 percent by weight of the dispersed phase.
22. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dispersed first oil phase is present in the amount of 1 to 50 weight percent of the continuous second oil phase.
23. An oil composition comprising a colloidally stable, water free oil-in-oil emulsion containing a first oil phase dispersed as droplets in a continuous non-polar second oil phase, which droplets have a number median diameter of 10 nm to 1000 nm, wherein the first oil phase comprises one or more oils in a first oil composition and the second oil phase comprises one or more oils in a second oil composition, wherein the one or more oils in the first oil composition comprises one or more liquid organic phosphate compounds selected from the group consisting of branched or unbranched alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl phosphates, in which organic groups in the liquid organic phosphate compounds may be substituted or unsubstituted non-polar groups, and mixtures thereof, wherein the first oil phase further comprises both colorant and polymer, wherein a pigment, a polymer, and/or a pigment-polymer composite is present in the dispersed phase and wherein the one or more oils in the first oil composition is present in the amount of from 50 to 99 percent by weight of the dispersed first oil phase wherein the continuous second oil phase has a dielectric constant less than 10 and wherein the second oil phase comprises one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted non-polar hydrocarbons, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 alkanes, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.