Hydraulic fracturing methods using cross-linking composition comprising zirconium triethanolamine complex
View Patent ↗A method for hydraulically fracturing a subterranean formation comprises introducing into the formation a cross-linking composition which comprises a zirconium triethanolamine complex, a tetra(hydroxyalkyl)ethylenediamine, water, a cross-linkable organic polymer, and optionally, a polyol. The method can be used for cross-linking organic polymers over a wide range of pH. By varying the composition and optionally adding a delay agent, the method provides flexibility in rate of cross-linking.
1. A method for fracturing a subterranean formation which comprises introducing into said formation a cross-linking composition having a pH of 3-12, at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create, reopen and/or extend a fracture in said formation, wherein said composition comprises a zirconium triethanolamine complex, which is bistriethanolamine zirconate or tetra-triethanolamine zirconate, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine, water, a buffer, and a cross-linkable organic polymer, wherein said composition is produced by mixing the zirconium triethanolamine complex with N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine, water, buffer and organic polymer, and further wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01 to about 5 moles of tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine per mole of zirconium triethanolamine complex.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the cross-linking composition further comprises a polyol wherein the polyol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said composition is produced by mixing the zirconium triethanolamine complex with N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine, water, buffer, organic polymer and a proppant.
4. A method for fracturing a subterranean formation which comprises:
(a) preparing a base gel by mixing a cross-linkable organic polymer with a solvent, wherein said solvent is water or a mixed water/organic solvent or an aqueous solution;
(b) preparing a cross-linking composition by mixing a zirconium triethanolamine complex, which is bistriethanolamine zirconate or tetra-triethanolamine zirconate, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine, and water and wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01 to about 5 moles of tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine per mole of zirconium triethanolamine complex;
(c) contacting the base gel with the cross-linking composition;
(d) permitting the base gel and the cross-linking composition to react to form a cross-linked aqueous gel; and
(e) introducing the cross-linked gel into the formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create, reopen, and/or extend a fracture in the formation
wherein the cross-linking composition, the base gel, or both further comprise a pH buffer to provide a pH of 3-12.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the subterranean formation is penetrated by a wellbore and wherein said contacting step (c) occurs in the wellbore.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the cross-linking composition further comprises a polyol wherein the polyol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein in step (b), the cross-linking composition is prepared by mixing the zirconium triethanolamine complex, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine, water, and a proppant.
8. A method for fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore which comprises:
(a) preparing a cross-linking composition by mixing a zirconium triethanolamine complex which is bistriethanolamine zirconate or tetra-triethanolamine zirconate, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine, and water and wherein the composition comprises from about 0.01 to about 5 moles of tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine per mole of zirconium triethanolamine complex;
(b) preparing a base gel by mixing a cross-linkable organic polymer with a solvent, wherein the solvent is water, or mixed water/organic solvent or with an aqueous solution;
(c) introducing the base gel into the wellbore;
(d) simultaneously with or sequentially after, introducing the base gel into the wellbore, introducing the cross-linking composition into the wellbore;
(e) permitting the base gel and the cross-linking composition to react to form a cross-linked aqueous gel; and
(f) introducing the cross-linked gel into the formation from the wellbore at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create, reopen, and/or extend a fracture in the formation,
wherein the cross-linking composition, the base gel, or both further comprise a pH buffer to provide a pH of 3-12.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein a delay agent which is a hydroxyalkylaminocarboxylic acid is admixed with the base gel, the cross-linking composition or both prior to introducing the base gel and the cross-linking composition into the wellbore.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the cross-linking composition further comprises a polyol wherein the polyol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein in step (a), the cross-linking composition is prepared by mixing the zirconium triethanolamine complex, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(hydroxyisopropyl)ethylenediamine, water, and a proppant.