Exhaust valve for two-stroke engine

1. An internal combustion engine comprising:

at least two cylinders;

each cylinder having a piston reciprocating therein and an exhaust port associated therewith for exhausting combustion gases therefrom, the exhaust port of each cylinder being opened and closed by reciprocating motion of that cylinder's piston;

exhaust conduits, one conduit associated with each of the cylinders, each conduit having an inlet, an outlet and an end, the outlet being disposed between the inlet and the end, the inlet of each conduit being in fluid communication with the exhaust port of the cylinder with which that conduit is associated;

an aperture fluidly communicating two of the exhaust conduits together, the two exhaust conduits fluidly communicating together having a common wall, the aperture being disposed in the common wall; and

a valve having a first position closing the aperture and allowing pressure waves from each of the cylinders communicating via the aperture to travel from the inlet of the conduit associated with that cylinder, through that conduit to at least a point in that conduit further from the inlet than the aperture, and the valve having a second position opening the aperture allowing pressure waves from that cylinder to travel from the inlet of that conduit through the aperture and into the conduit associated with the other cylinder;

the engine operating on a two-stroke principle.

2. The engine of claim 1 , wherein when the valve is in the second position, the valve precludes pressure waves from that cylinder from traveling to the end of that conduit.

3. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the point in that conduit further from the inlet than the aperture is the end of that conduit.

4. The engine of claim 3 , wherein when the valve is in the first position, a pressure wave from one of the cylinders travels from the inlet of the exhaust conduit with which it is associated to the end of that conduit and is reflected back to the inlet of that conduit, and when the valve is in the second position, the pressure wave from that cylinder travels from the inlet of that conduit, through the aperture, to the inlet of the other conduit, back through the aperture, and back to the inlet of that conduit.

5. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the valve is a butterfly valve.

6. The engine of claim 1 , further comprising:

an actuator for moving the valve between the first and the second position;

a sensor sending a signal indicative of actual engine speed; and

an electronic control unit receiving the signal and controlling the actuator by comparing the actual engine speed to a predetermined engine speed.

7. The engine of claim 6 , wherein the actuator moves the valve to the first position when the actual engine speed is higher than the predetermined engine speed, and to the second position when the actual engine speed is lower than the predetermined engine speed.

8. The engine of claim 7 , wherein a combined distance from the inlet of that conduit to the aperture, and from the aperture to the inlet of the conduit associated with the other cylinder is greater than a distance from the inlet of that conduit to its corresponding end.

9. The engine of claim 5 , wherein the actuator moves the valve to the first position when the actual engine speed is lower than the predetermined engine speed, and to the second position when the actual engine speed is higher than the predetermined engine speed.

10. The engine of claim 9 , wherein a combined distance from the inlet of that conduit to the aperture, and from the aperture to the inlet of the conduit associated with the other cylinder is less than a distance from the inlet of that conduit to its corresponding end.

11. The engine of claim 9 ,

the engine further comprising a passage fluidly communicating the two exhaust conduits together; and

the passage being disposed between the aperture and the end of each exhaust conduit.

12. The engine of claim 11 , wherein a combined distance from the inlet of that conduit to the aperture, and from the aperture to the inlet of the conduit associated with the other cylinder is less than a combined distance from inlet of that conduit to the passage, and from the passage to the inlet of the conduit associated with the other cylinder.

13. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the valve is two valves, each valve being disposed in a different exhaust conduit.

14. The engine of claim 13 , wherein each valve has two sides forming a L-shape, one of the sides closing the aperture when the valve is in the first position, the other one of the sides prohibiting exhaust gases to flow from the inlet to the end of the exhaust conduit in which it is disposed when the valve is in the second position.

15. The engine of claim 1 , wherein each exhaust conduit is a tuned pipe having a diverging section near the inlet, a converging section at the end, and a generally constant diameter section between the diverging section and the converging section.

16. The engine of claim 1 , wherein each outlet fluidly communicates with a pipe having a diverging diameter.

17. The engine of claim 1 , wherein the at least two cylinders is at least four cylinders, and each inlet fluidly communicates with a different pair of exhaust ports.

18. An outboard engine comprising:

a cowling;

an engine operating on a two-stroke principle, the engine being enclosed by the cowling;

the engine having at least two cylinders;

each cylinder having a piston reciprocating therein and an exhaust port associated therewith for exhausting combustion gases therefrom, the exhaust port of each cylinder being opened and closed by reciprocating motion of that cylinder's piston;

a vertically oriented driveshaft coupled to the engine;

a transmission coupled to the driveshaft;

a horizontally oriented propeller shaft coupled to the transmission;

a propeller coupled to the propeller shaft;

exhaust conduits, one conduit associated with each of the cylinders, each conduit having an inlet, an outlet and an end, the outlet being disposed between the inlet and the end, the inlet of each conduit being in fluid communication with the exhaust port of the cylinder with which that conduit is associated;

a passage fluidly communicating two of the exhaust conduits together; and

a valve having a first position closing the passage and allowing pressure waves from each of the cylinders communicating via the passage to travel from the inlet of the conduit associated with that cylinder, through that conduit to at least a point in that conduit further from the inlet than the passage, and the valve having a second position opening the passage allowing pressure waves from that cylinder to travel from the inlet of that conduit through the passage and into the conduit associated with the other cylinder.

19. A method of operating an internal combustion engine having exhaust ports comprising the steps of:

providing two exhaust conduits each communicating with a different exhaust port of the engine;

providing a valve for opening and closing a passage located between the two exhaust conduits so as to fluidly communicate the exhaust conduits together;

sensing an actual engine speed; and

opening the valve when the actual engine speed is within a first range of speeds and closing the valve when the actual engine speed is within a second range of speeds.

20. An internal combustion engine comprising:

at least two cylinders;

each cylinder having a piston reciprocating therein and an exhaust port associated therewith for exhausting combustion gases therefrom, the exhaust port of each cylinder being opened and closed by reciprocating motion of that cylinder's piston;

exhaust conduits, one conduit associated with each of the cylinders, each conduit having an inlet, an outlet and an end, the outlet being disposed between the inlet and the end, the inlet of each conduit being in fluid communication with the exhaust port of the cylinder with which that conduit is associated;

a passage fluidly communicating two of the exhaust conduits together;

a valve having a first position closing the passage and allowing pressure waves from each of the cylinders communicating via the passage to travel from the inlet of the conduit associated with that cylinder, through that conduit to at least a point in that conduit further from the inlet than the passage, and the valve having a second position opening the passage allowing pressure waves from that cylinder to travel from the inlet of that conduit through the passage and into the conduit associated with the other cylinder;

an actuator for moving the valve between the first and the second position;

a sensor sending a signal indicative of actual engine speed; and

an electronic control unit receiving the signal and controlling the actuator by comparing the actual engine speed to a predetermined engine speed;

the engine operating on a two-stroke principle.

21. The engine of claim 20 , wherein when the valve is in the second position, the valve precludes pressure waves from that cylinder from traveling to the end of that conduit.

22. The engine of claim 20 , wherein the point in that conduit further from the inlet than the passage is the end of that conduit.

23. The engine of claim 22 , wherein when the valve is in the first position, a pressure wave from one of the cylinders travels from the inlet of the exhaust conduit with which it is associated to the end of that conduit and is reflected back to the inlet of that conduit, and when the valve is in the second position, the pressure wave from that cylinder travels from the inlet of that conduit, through the passage, to the inlet of the other conduit, back through the passage, and back to the inlet of that conduit.

24. The engine of claim 20 , wherein the two exhaust conduits fluidly communicating together have a common wall, and the passage is an aperture in the common wall.

25. The engine of claim 24 , wherein the valve is a butterfly valve.

26. The engine of claim 20 , wherein the actuator moves the valve to the first position when the actual engine speed is higher than the predetermined engine speed, and to the second position when the actual engine speed is lower than the predetermined engine speed.

27. The engine of claim 26 , wherein a combined distance from the inlet of that conduit to the passage, and from the passage to the inlet of the conduit associated with the other cylinder is greater than a distance from the inlet of that conduit to its corresponding end.

28. The engine of claim 21 , wherein the actuator moves the valve to the first position when the actual engine speed is lower than the predetermined engine speed, and to the second position when the actual engine speed is higher than the predetermined engine speed.

29. The engine of claim 28 , wherein a combined distance from the inlet of that conduit to the passage, and from the passage to the inlet of the conduit associated with the other cylinder is less than a distance from the inlet of that conduit to its corresponding end.

30. The engine of claim 28 , wherein the passage is a first passage;

the engine further comprising a second passage fluidly communicating the two exhaust conduits together; and

the second passage being disposed between the first passage and the end of each exhaust conduit.

31. The engine of claim 30 , wherein a combined distance from the inlet of that conduit to the first passage, and from the first passage to the inlet of the conduit associated with the other cylinder is less than a combined distance from inlet of that conduit to the second passage, and from the second passage to the inlet of the conduit associated with the other cylinder.

32. The engine of claim 20 , wherein the valve is two valves, each valve being disposed in a different exhaust conduit.

33. The engine of claim 32 , wherein each valve has two sides forming a L-shape, one of the sides closing the passage when the valve is in the first position, the other one of the sides prohibiting exhaust gases to flow from the inlet to the end of the exhaust conduit in which it is disposed when the valve is in the second position.

34. The engine of claim 20 , wherein each exhaust conduit is a tuned pipe having a diverging section near the inlet, a converging section at the end, and a generally constant diameter section between the diverging section and the converging section.

35. The engine of claim 20 , wherein each outlet fluidly communicates with a pipe having a diverging diameter.

36. The engine of claim 20 , wherein the at least two cylinders is at least four cylinders, and each inlet fluidly communicates with a different pair of exhaust ports.