Stainless steel weld overlays with enhanced wear resistance
View Patent ↗Compositions for stainless steel weld overlays having enhanced wear resistance are provided by incorporating second phase Titanium Carbide (TiC) and/or Niobium Carbide (NbC) into matrices of various types of stainless steel such as 316L and 420. Preferably, TiC and NbC precipitates are formed in-situ during the weld overlay process while minimizing the amount of Carbon (C) going into solid solution in the matrix of the weld overlay.
1. A stainless steel weld overlay having a matrix with a bulk composition comprising, by percent mass:
between approximately 0.5% and approximately 1.5% Carbon;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 2.0% Manganese;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 0.9% Silicon;
between approximately 14.0% and approximately 18.0% Chromium;
between approximately 6.0% and approximately 10.0% Nickel;
between approximately 1.5% and approximately 3.5% Molybdenum; the elements of both Titanium and Niobium in an amount between approximately 0.5% and approximately 8.0%; and
greater than 0% and less than approximately 0.15% Nitrogen;
wherein both second phase Titanium Carbide and second phase Niobium Carbide precipitates are incorporated in the stainless steel weld overlay;
wherein the composition is adjusted such that the Carbon content in the matrix is at or below approximately 10% of the bulk Carbon content, the balance being tied up as the carbides of Titanium and Niobium.
2. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Carbon comprises approximately 1.0%.
3. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Manganese comprises approximately 1.3%.
4. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Silicon comprises approximately 0.5%.
5. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Chromium comprises approximately 16.0%.
6. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Nickel comprises approximately 8.0%.
7. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Molybdenum comprises approximately 2.5%.
8. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Titanium and the Niobium comprise approximately 6.1%.
9. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Nitrogen comprises approximately 0.1%.
10. A stainless steel weld overlay having a matrix with a bulk composition comprising, by percent mass:
between approximately 0.5% and approximately 1.5% Carbon;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 2.0% Manganese;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 0.9% Silicon;
between approximately 12.0% and approximately 18.0% Chromium;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 1.8% Molybdenum;
the elements of both Titanium and Niobium in an amount between approximately 0.5% and approximately 8.0%;
approximately 0.1% Nitrogen; and
between approximately 0.05% and approximately 2.0% Vanadium;
wherein both second phase Titanium Carbide and second phase Niobium Carbide precipitates are incorporated in the stainless steel weld overlay;
wherein the composition is adjusted such that the Carbon content in the matrix is at or below approximately 10% of the bulk Carbon content, the balance being tied up as carbides of Titanium and Niobium.
11. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 10 , wherein the Carbon comprises approximately 1.1%.
12. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 10 , wherein the Manganese comprises approximately 0.75%.
13. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 10 , wherein the Silicon comprises approximately 0.5%.
14. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 10 , wherein the Chromium comprises approximately 14.5%.
15. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 10 , wherein the Molybdenum comprises approximately 0.5%.
16. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 10 , wherein the Titanium and the Niobium comprise approximately 6.1%.
17. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 10 , wherein the Vanadium comprises approximately 0.4%.
18. A stainless steel weld overlay having a matrix with a bulk composition comprising, by percent mass:
between approximately 0.5% and approximately 1.0% Carbon;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 2.0% Manganese;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 1.5% Silicon;
between approximately 11.0% and approximately 18.0% Chromium;
less than approximately 6.0% Nickel;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 2.5% Molybdenum;
the elements of both Titanium and Niobium in an amount between approximately 0.5% and approximately 8.0%;
approximately 0.1% Nitrogen; and
between approximately 0.05% and approximately 2.0% Vanadium;
wherein both second phase Titanium Carbide and second phase Niobium Carbide precipitates are incorporated in the stainless steel;
wherein the composition is adjusted such that the Carbon content in the matrix is at or below approximately 10% of the bulk Carbon content, the balance being tied up as carbides of Titanium and Niobium.
19. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 18 , wherein the Carbon comprises approximately 0.5%.
20. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 18 , wherein the Manganese comprises approximately 0.7%.
21. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 18 , wherein the Silicon comprises approximately 0.7%.
22. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 18 , wherein the Chromium comprises approximately 13.0%.
23. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 18 , wherein the Nickel comprises approximately 3.0%.
24. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 18 , wherein the Molybdenum comprises approximately 1.3%.
25. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 18 , wherein the Titanium and the Niobium comprise approximately 2.2%.
26. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 18 , wherein the Vanadium comprises approximately 0.4%.
27. A stainless steel weld overlay having a matrix with a bulk composition comprising, by percent mass:
approximately 0.5% Carbon;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 2.0% Manganese;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 1.5% Silicon;
between approximately 11.0% and approximately 18.0% Chromium;
less than approximately 6.0% Nickel;
between approximately 0.1% and approximately 2.5% Molybdenum;
the elements of both Titanium and Niobium in an amount between approximately 0.5% and approximately 8.0%;
greater than 0% and less than approximately 0.15%-Nitrogen; and
between approximately 0.05% and approximately 2.0% Vanadium;
wherein both second phase Titanium Carbide and second phase Niobium Carbide precipitates are incorporated in the stainless steel;
wherein the composition is adjusted such that the Carbon content in the matrix is at or below approximately 10% of the bulk Carbon content, the balance being tied up as carbides of Titanium and Niobium.
28. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 27 , wherein the Titanium and the Niobium comprise approximately 2.2%.
29. The stainless steel weld overlay composition according to claim 27 , wherein the Chromium comprises approximately 13.0%.