Rubber composition containing organofunctional silane
View Patent ↗A rubber composition containing a rubber component, a filler and at least one organofunctional silane and/or mixture of organofunctional silanes in which individual silanes possess both free and blocked mercaptan functionality or particular mixtures of the organofunctional silanes possess both free and blocked mercaptan functionality. The organofunctional silanes and silane mixtures are useful, inter alia, as coupling agents for elastomeric compositions, e.g., rubber formulations employed in the manufacture of tires, where they exhibit a desirable balance of low scorch and good performance properties.
1. A rubber composition comprising (a) at least one rubber component, (b) at least one particulate filler and (c) at least one organofunctional silane selected from the group consisting of:
[[[(ROC(═O)) p -(G 1 ) j ] k -Y—S] r -G 2 -(SiX u Z b v Z c w ) s ] m [(HS) r -G 2 -(SiX u Z b v Z c w ) s ] n (10)
and
[[(X v Z b v Z c w Si) q -G 2 ] a -[Y-[S-G 2 -SiX u Z b v Z c w ] b ] c ] m [(HS) r -G 2 -(SiX u Z b v Z c w) s ] n (11)
wherein:
each occurrence of Y is independently selected from a polyvalent species (Q) z A(═E), wherein the atom (A) attached to an unsaturated heteroatom (E) is attached to a sulfur, which in turn is linked by means of a group G 2 to a silicon atom;
each occurrence of R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, straight, cyclic or branched alkyl that may or may not contain unsaturation, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, and aralkyl groups, wherein each R, other than hydrogen, contains from 1 to 18 carbon atoms;
each occurrence of G 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of monovalent and polyvalent groups derived by substitution of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl wherein G 1 can have from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, with the proviso that if G 1 is univalent, G 1 can be hydrogen;
each occurrence of G 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of divalent or polyvalent group derived by substitution of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl wherein G 2 can have from 1 to 30 carbon atoms;
each occurrence of X is independently selected from the group consisting of —Cl, —Br, RO—, RC(═O)O—, R 2 C═NO—, R 2 NO—, R 2 N—, —R, HO(R 0 CR 0 ) f O—, wherein each R is as above and each occurrence of R 0 is independently given by one of the members listed above for R;
each occurrence of Z b , which forms a bridging structure between two silicon atoms, is independently selected from the group consisting of (—O—) 0.5 , and [—O(R 0 CR 0 ) f O—] 0.5 , wherein each occurrence of R 0 is independently given by one of the members listed above for R;
each occurrence of Z c , which forms a cyclic structure with a silicon atom, is independently given by —O(R 0 CR 0 ) f O— wherein each occurrence of R 0 is independently given by one of the members listed above for R;
each occurrence of Q is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and (—NR—);
each occurrence of A is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and sulfonyl;
each occurrence of E is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and (—NR—);
each occurrence of the subscripts, a, b, c, f, j, k, m, n, p, q, r, s, u, v, w, and z is independently given by a is 0 to about 7; b is 1 to about 3; c is 1 to about 6; f is about 2 to about 15, j is 0 to about 1, but j may be 0 only if p is 1; k is 1 to 2, with the provisos that
if A is carbon, sulfur, or sulfonyl, then (i) a+b=2 and (ii) k=1;
if A is phosphorus, then a+b=3 unless both (i) c>1 and (ii) b=1, in which case a=c+1; and if A is phosphorus, then k is 2; m is 1 to about 20, n is 1 to about 20, p is 0 to 5, q is 0 to 6; r is 1 to 3; s is 1 to 3; u is 0 to 3; v is 0 to 3; w is 0 to 1 with the proviso that u+v+2w=3; z is 0 to about 3; and with the proviso that the each of the above structures contains at least one hydrolysable group, Z b or Z c , that is a difunctional alkoxy group.
2. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of —C(═NR)—; —SC(═NR)—; —SC(═O)—; (—NR)C(═O)—; (—NR)C(═S)—; —OC(═O)—; —OC(═S)—; —C(═O)—; —SC(═S)—; —C(═S)—; —S(═O)—; —S(═O) 2 —; —OS(═O) 2 —; (—NR)S(═O) 2 —; —SS(═O)—; —OS(═O)—; (—NR)S(═O)—; —SS(═O) 2 —; (—S) 2 P(═O)—; —(—S)P(═O)—; —P(═O)(—) 2 ; (—S) 2 P(═S)—; —(—S)P(═S)—; —P(═S)(—) 2 ; (NR) 2 P(═O)—; (—NR)(—S)P(═O)—; (—O)(—NR)P(═O)—; (—O)(—S)P(═O)—; (—O) 2 P(═O)—; —(—O)P(═O)—; —(—NR)P(═O)—; (—NR) 2 P(═S)—; (—NR)(—S)P(═S)—; (—O)(—NR)P(═S)—; (—O)(—S)P(═S)—; (—O) 2 P(═S)—; —(—O)P(═S)—; and —(—NR)P(═S)—.
3. The rubber composition of claim 2 wherein Y is —C(═O)—.
4. The rubber composition of claim 3 wherein G 1 has a primary carbon atom attached to a carbonyl and is a C 1 -C 18 alkyl.
5. The rubber composition of claim 3 wherein G 2 is a divalent or polyvalent group derived by substitution of C 1 -C 12 alkyl.
6. The rubber composition of claim 4 wherein G 1 is a monovalent straight chain group derived from a C 3 -C 10 , alkyl.
7. The rubber composition of claim 5 wherein G 2 is a divalent or polyvalent group derived by substitution of a C 3 -C 10 alkyl,p is 0, j is 1 and k is 1 and the ratio of m to n is from about 20:1 to about 3:1.
8. The rubber composition of claim 6 wherein G 1 is a monovalent straight chain group derived from a C 6 -C 8 alkyl.
9. The rubber composition of claim 7 wherein G 2 is a divalent or polyvalent group derived by substitution of a C 3 -C 6 alkyl, p is 0, j is 1 and k is 1 and the ratio of m to n is from about 10:1 to about 4:1.
10. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein G 1 is CH 3 (CH 2 ) g — and g is from 1 to about 29.
11. The rubber composition of claim 10 wherein G 1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl, heptyl, benzyl, phenyl, octyl and dodecyl.
12. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein G 2 is —(CH 2 ) g — and g is from 1 to about 29.
13. The rubber composition of claim 12 wherein G 2 is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylenes and hexylene.
14. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein the sum of the carbon atoms for G 1 and G 2 groups is from about 3 to about 18.
15. The rubber composition of claim 14 wherein the sum of the carbon atoms for G 1 and G 2 is from about 6 to about 14.
16. The rubber composition of claim 11 wherein G 1 is selected from the group consisting of —CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 (CH 2 ) i CH(CH 3 )—, wherein i is 0 to about 16; —CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 (C 6 H 4 )CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 (C 6 H 4 )CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )(C 6 H 4 )CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—; —H 2 CH 2 CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —; —CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ]—; —CH 2 CH 2 —norbornyl-, —CH 2 CH 2 cyclohexyl-; any of the diradicals obtainable from norbornane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene, or cyclododecene by loss of two hydrogen atoms; the structures derivable from limonene, —CH 2 CH(4—CH 3 —1—C 6 H 9 —)CH 3 ; —CH 2 CH 2 (vinylC 6 H 9 )CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 (vinylC 6 H 9 )CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 C[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ](CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 (C—)(CH 3 )[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]; —CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 )[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]]—; —CH 2 CH(CH═CH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 CH(CH═CH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ]—, —CH 2 C(═CH—CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 C(═CH—CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ]—, —CH 2 CH 2 C(═CH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 C(═CH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ]—, —CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, and —CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ].
17. The rubber composition of claim 12 wherein G 2 is selected from the group consisting of —CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, CH 2 (CH 2 ) i CH(CH 3 )—, where i is 0 to about 16; —CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 (C 6 H 4 )CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 (C 6 H 4 )CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )(C 6 H 4 )CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 C(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —; —CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ]—; —CH 2 CH 2 -norbornyl-, —CH 2 CH 2 -cyclohexyl-; any of the diradicals obtainable from norbornane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene, or cyclododecene by loss of two hydrogen atoms; the structures derivable from limonene, —CH 2 CH(4—CH 3 —1—C 6 H 9 —)CH 3 ; —CH 2 CH 2 (vinylC 6 H 9 )CH 2 CH 2 — and —CH 2 CH 2 (vinylC 6 H 9 )CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]CH 2 CH 2 —; —CH 2 CH[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]CH(CH 3 )—; —CH 2 C[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ](C 2 CH 3 )—; —CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 (C—)(CH 3 )[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]; —CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 )[CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 ]]—; —CH 2 CH(CH═CH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 CH(CH═CH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ]—, —CH 2 C(═CH—CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 C(═CH—CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ]—, —CH 2 CH 2 C(═CH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 C(═CH 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ]—, —CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, and —CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH[CH(CH 3 ) 2 ].
18. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein the rubber component is at least one sulfur vulcanizable rubber selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene homopolymers and copolymers, copolymers of at least one conjugated diene and aromatic vinyl compound and mixtures thereof.
19. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein the organofunctional silane is at least one member selected from the group consisting of thioacetic acid 2-(2-{3-[2-(3 -mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-ethyl ester; thioacetic acid 3-(2-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl ester; thiobutyric acid 3-(2-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl ester; octanethioic acid 3-(2-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl ester; octanethioic acid S-[3-(2-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-1,1-dimethyl-butoxy}-4,4,6-trimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl]ester; octanetbioic acid S-[3-(2-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-4-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-butoxy}-4-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl]ester; undecanethioic acid S-[3-(2-{3-[21 ,3;;;-(3-mercapto-propyl)-4-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-butoxy}-4-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl]ester; heptanethioic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester; heptanethioic acid S-[3-(2-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-5-methyl -[1,3,2]dioxasilepan-2-yl)-propyl]ester; thiopropionic acid 3-{2-[3-((3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl -{2-methyl-3-[5-methyl-2-(3-propionylsulfanyl-propyl)-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-propoxy}-silanyloxy)-2-methyl-propoxy]-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilepan-2-yl}-propyl ester; octanethioic acid 3-{2-[3-((3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-{2-methyl-3-[5-methyl-2-(3-octanoylsulfanyl-propyl) -[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-propoxy}-silanyloxy)-2-methyl-propoxy]-5-methyl -[1,3,2]dioxasilepan-2-yl}-propyl ester; octanethioic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy) -{3-[{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl -propoxy}-methyl-(3-octanoylsulfanyl-propyl)-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl) -propyl]ester; octanethioic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-(3-mercapto -propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester; octanethioic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[{3-[bis-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto -propyl)-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-(3-mercapto-propyl)-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy) -silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-silanyl)-propyl]ester; dimethyl -thiocarbamic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester; dimethyl -dithiocarbamic acid 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; dimethyl -dithiocarbamic acid 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl -[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; thiocarbonic acid O-ethyl ester S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester; trithiocarbonic acid ethyl ester 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2 -methyl -propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; trithiocarbonic acid ethyl ester 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[2-(3-mercapto -propyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; dithiobutyric acid 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; dithiobutyric acid 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3 -[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5 -methyl -[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; diethyl -dithiocarbamic acid 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; diethyl -dithiocarbamic acid 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl -[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; N-methyl -thiobutyrimidic acid 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl -[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; N-methyl -thiobutyrimidic acid 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; thiophosphoric acid O,O′-diethyl ester S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl) -propyl]ester; thiophosphoric acid O-ethyl ester S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl) -propyl]ester O′-propyl ester; dithiophosphoric acid O-ethyl ester S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl -propoxy)-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester O′-propyl ester; trithiophosphoric acid S,S′-diethyl ester S″-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl -silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester; tetrathiophosphoric acid diethyl ester 3-((3 -hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3 -mercapto-propyl) -methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl ester; tetrathiophosphoric acid diethyl ester 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl) -propyl ester; tetrathiophosphoric acid ethyl ester 3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl) -propyl ester propyl ester; methyl-phosphonodithioic acid S-ethyl ester S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester; and, dimethyl-phosphinothioic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl -silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester.
20. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein the organofunctional silane is at least one member selected from the group consisting of octanethioic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[{3-[bis-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-(3-mercapto-propyl)-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-silanyloxy]-2-methyl -propoxy}-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-silanyl)-propyl]ester; octanethioic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3 -[{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl -silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl)-propyl]ester; octanethioic acid 3-(2-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-5-methyl -[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl ester; octanethioic acid S-[3-(2-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-1,1-dimethyl-butoxy}-4,4,6-trimethyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl]ester; octanethioic acid S-[3-(2-{3[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-4-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-butoxy}-4-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yl)-propyl]ester; undecanethioic acid S-[3-(2-{3-[2-(3-mercapto-propyl)-4-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-butoxy}-4-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan -2-yl)-propyl]ester; heptanethioic acid S-[3-((3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-methyl-silanyl) -propyl]ester; heptanethioic acid S-[3-(2-{3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy)-(3-mercapto -propyl)-methyl-silanyloxy]-2-methyl-propoxy}-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilepan-2-yl)-propyl]ester; thiopropionic acid 3-{2-[3-((3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-{2-methyl-3-[5-methyl-2-(3-propionylsulfanyl-propyl)-[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-propoxy}-silanyloxy)-2-methyl -propoxy]-5-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxasilepan-2-yl}-propyl ester; and octanethioic acid 3-{2-[3-((3-mercapto-propyl)-methyl-{2-methyl-3-[5-methyl-2-(3-octanoylsulfanyl-propyl) -[1,3,2]dioxasilinan-2-yloxy]-propoxy}-silanyloxy)-2-methyl-propoxy]-5-methyl -[1,3,2]dioxasilepan-2-yl}-propyl ester.
21. An article of which at least one component is the cured rubber composition of claim 1 .
22. A tire, at least one component of which comprises the cured rubber composition obtained from the rubber composition of claim 1 .
23. The tire of claim 22 wherein rubber component (a) is at least one sulfur vulcanizable rubber selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene homopolymers and copolymers, copolymers of at least one conjugated diene and aromatic vinyl compound and mixtures thereof.
24. A tire, at least one component of which comprises the cured rubber composition obtained from the rubber composition of claim 18 .
25. The tire of claim 24 wherein rubber component (a) is at least one sulfur vulcanizable rubber selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene homopolymers and copolymers, copolymers of at least one conjugated diene and aromatic vinyl compound and mixtures thereof.
26. A tire, at least one component of which comprises the cured rubber composition obtained from the rubber composition of claim 19 .
27. The tire of claim 26 wherein rubber component (a) is at least one sulfur vulcanizable rubber selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene homopolymers and copolymers, copolymers of at least one conjugated diene and aromatic vinyl compound and mixtures thereof.
28. A tire, at least one component of which comprises the cured rubber composition obtained from the rubber composition of claim 20 .
29. The tire of claim 28 wherein rubber component (a) is at least one sulfur vulcanizable rubber selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene homopolymers and copolymers, copolymers of at least one conjugated diene and aromatic vinyl compound and mixtures thereof.
30. A process for preparing a rubber composition comprising adding to a rubber composition reaction-forming mixture an effective amount of at least one organofunctional silane of claim 1 .
31. The process of claim 30 wherein the rubber composition further comprises at least one filler.
32. The process of claim 30 wherein the rubber component is at least one sulfur vulcanizable rubber selected from the group consisting of conjugated diene homopolymers and copolymers, copolymers of at least one conjugated diene and aromatic vinyl compound and mixtures thereof.