Process for preparing alkyl chlorides
View Patent ↗The invention relates to a process for preparing alkyl chlorides by reacting alcohols with gaseous hydrogen chloride in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one compound of the structure: wherein R 1 is a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is selected from a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aralkyl or an alkylaryl group from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the substituents of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are all identical, are all different or two of the substituents of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 type are identical.
1. A process for preparing alkyl chlorides comprising:
reacting an alcohol with gaseous hydrogen chloride in the presence of a catalyst,
wherein the catalyst comprises at least one compound of the structure:
wherein R 1 is a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
wherein R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each selected from a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aralkyl, or an alkylaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
wherein the substituents of R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are all identical, are all different or two of these substituents of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are identical.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein the catalyst comprises at least one compound of the structure:
wherein R 1 is a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
wherein R 2 is a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aralkyl, or an alkylaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein the catalyst comprises at least one compound of the structure:
wherein R 1 is a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
wherein R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each selected from a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aralkyl, or an alkylaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
wherein the substituents of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are all identical, are all different or two of these substituents of the R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 type are identical.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , which is carried out continuously.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , which is carried out in a plurality of reactors which are connected to one another in the form of a battery.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the alcohol has from 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the alcohol is a linear alcohol having one hydroxyl group, selected from the group consisting of n-propanol, n-butanol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, n-tetradecanol, and n-octadecanol.
8. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the alcohol is a branched alcohol having one hydroxyl group, selected from the group consisting of isopropanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, and 2-ethylhexanol.
9. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the alcohol has two hydroxyl groups, selected from 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, and 1,10-decanediol.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction product is discharged from the reactor in a vapor form.
11. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction product is removed via a laterally attached overflow.
12. The process as claimed in claim 1 , which is carried out at a temperature of from 60° C. to 160° C.
13. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catalyst used is a mixture that comprises different isomers of monoalkylated and/or polyalkylated N-alkylpyridinium chlorides, wherein the polyalkylated N-alkylpyridinium chlorides have a plurality of substituents of R 2 on the nitrogen heterocycle.
14. The process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the catalyst is prepared in a preceding process step.