Analyte detection using barcoded polymers

1. An isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising

a non-specific spacer sequence,

an identifier sequence, and

an analyte capture sequence bound to an analyte adaptor compound that is covalently bound to an antibody or an antigen-binding antibody fragment,

wherein the non-specific spacer sequence, the identifier sequence, and the analyte capture sequence are different nucleotide sequences, and wherein the nucleic acid is 7.5-15 kb in length.

2. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 1 , wherein the identifier sequence is located within the non-specific spacer sequence.

3. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 1 , wherein the identifier sequence comprises binding sites for identifier compounds.

4. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 1 , further comprising an identifier oligonucleotide bound to the identifier sequence.

5. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 4 , wherein the identifier oligonucleotide is a bis-peptide nucleic acid that is detectably labeled.

6. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 4 , wherein the identifier oligonucleotide is a triplex forming oligonucleotide that is detectably labeled.

7. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 1 , wherein the analyte adaptor compound is a PNA or triplex forming oligonucleotide.

8. An isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising

a first plurality of identical, isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acids, each comprising a non-specific spacer sequence, an identifier sequence having a binding site for an identifier oligonucleotide, and an analyte capture sequence bound to PNA or a triplex forming oligonucleotide, and

a second plurality of identical, isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acids that do not bind the identifier oligonucleotide, each comprising a non-specific spacer sequence, an identifier sequence lacking binding sites for the identifier oligonucleotide, and an analyte capture sequence bound to a PNA or a triplex forming oligonucleotide,

wherein the non-specific spacer sequences and analyte capture sequences are identical between the pluralities, and members of the first and second plurality are 7.5-15 kb in length and are covalently linked to each other to form a pattern of identifier sequences.

9. A method of detecting an analyte comprising

exposing a sample to the isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 8 bound to analyte-specific binding partners, for a time and under conditions sufficient to allow an analyte, if present in the sample, to bind to the analyte-specific binding partners,

exposing the sample to a secondary analyte-binding partner that comprises a detectable label,

hybridizing identifier oligonucleotides comprising detectable labels, distinct from the detectable labels of the secondary analyte binding partner, to the nucleic acid, and

determining (a) a pattern of detectably labeled identifier oligonucleotides hybridized to the nucleic acid and (b) an amount of secondary analyte-binding partner bound to the nucleic acid,

wherein the pattern of detectably labeled identifier oligonucleotides hybridized to the nucleic acid identifies the analyte, and

the amount of secondary analyte-binding partner bound to the nucleic acid that exceeds a control indicates the presence of analyte in the sample.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the secondary analyte specific binding partner is an antibody or antigen-binding antibody fragment.

11. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 8 , further comprising an analyte specific binding partner bound to the PNA or triplex forming oligonucleotide.

12. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 11 , wherein the analyte specific binding partner is an antibody or an antigen-binding antibody fragment.

13. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 11 , wherein the analyte specific binding partner is a nucleic acid.

14. The isolated non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 11 , further comprising an identifier oligonucleotide hybridized to identifier sequence.

15. A method of synthesizing an isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising

covalently assembling members of a first plurality of identical, isolated nucleic acids each comprising a non-specific spacer sequence, an identifier sequence having a binding site for an identifier oligonucleotide, and an analyte capture sequence with members of a second plurality of identical, isolated nucleic acids that do not bind the identifier oligonucleotide, each comprising a non-specific spacer sequence, an identifier sequence lacking binding sites for the identifier oligonucleotide, and an analyte capture sequence,

wherein the non-specific spacer sequences and analyte capture sequences are identical between the pluralities, and members of the first and second plurality are 7.5-15 kb in length.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising binding a PNA or triplex forming oligonucleotide to the analyte capture sequence.

17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising covalently binding an antibody or antigen-binding antibody fragment to the PNA or triplex forming oligonucleotide.

18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising covalently binding an aptamer to the PNA or triplex forming oligonucleotide.

19. An isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid comprising

a non-specific spacer sequence,

an identifier sequence, and

an analyte capture sequence bound to an analyte adaptor compound that is covalently bound to an aptamer,

wherein the non-specific spacer sequence, the identifier sequence, and the analyte capture sequence are different nucleotide sequences, and wherein the nucleic acid is 7.5-15 kb in length.

20. The isolated, non-naturally occurring nucleic acid of claim 19 , wherein the analyte adaptor compound is a PNA or triplex forming oligonucleotide.