Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
A membrane filtration device has a multiplicity of hollow fiber membranes, or fibers, unconfined in a shell of a module; a first header and a second header disposed in vertically spaced-apart relationship; said first header and said second header having opposed ends of each fiber sealingly secured therein, all open ends of said fibers open to a permeate-discharging face of at least one header; permeate collection means to collect said permeate, sealingly connected in open fluid communication with a permeate-discharging face of at least one of said headers; means to withdraw said permeate; said fibers, said headers and said permeate collection means together forming an integrated combination wherein said fibers are essentially vertically disposed and ends of individual fibers are potted in closely spaced-apart relationship in cured resin; with opposed faces at a fixed distance; each of said fibers having a length from 0.1% to less than 5% greater.
1. A membrane filtration system comprising
(a) a tank for holding a substrate at ambient pressure during filtration;
(b) a membrane filtration device immersed in the substrate and comprising
a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, each of the membranes comprising a braided support;
the membranes potted in a solid body and extending vertically upwards from the solid body into the substrate;
the solid body having ends of the membranes sealingly secured therein, with ends of the membranes open to a permeate-discharging face of the solid body;
a pan, cap or enclosure to collect said permeate, sealingly connected in open fluid communication with the permeate-discharging face;
a permeate withdrawal port in communication with the pan, cap or enclosure to withdraw said permeate; and,
a cushioning lamina surrounding the membranes where they extend upwards from the solid body into the substrate;
(c) an aeration system for producing bubbles in the substrate which contact the fibers; and,
(d) a source of suction in fluid communication with the membrane filtration device
wherein ends of the membranes protrude from the permeate-discharging face into the pan, and
wherein the membranes are spaced apart in a pattern in the solid body, the pattern comprising a plurality of equally spaced apart rows of equidistantly spaced membranes.
2. A process comprising the steps of
(a) providing a membrane filtration system according to claim 1 ;
(b) withdrawing permeate by way of a suction applied to the membrane filtration device; and,
(c) providing air bubbles from the aeration system while withdrawing permeate.
3. A membrane filtration system comprising
(a) a tank for holding a substrate at ambient pressure during filtration;
(b) a membrane filtration device immersed in the substrate and comprising
a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, each of the membranes comprising a braided support;
the membranes potted in a solid body and extending vertically upwards from the solid body into the substrate;
the solid body having ends of the membranes sealingly secured therein, with ends of the membranes open to a permeate-discharging face of the solid body;
a pan, cap or enclosure to collect said permeate, sealingly connected in open fluid communication with the permeate-discharging face; and,
a permeate withdrawal port in communication with the pan, cap or enclosure to withdraw said permeate;
(c) an aeration system for producing bubbles in the substrate which contact the fibers; and,
(d) a source of suction in fluid communication with the membrane filtration device,
wherein the membranes are spaced apart in a pattern in the solid body, the pattern comprising a plurality of rows of equidistantly spaced membranes, and,
wherein the plurality of rows are equally spaced apart such that the adjacent outside surfaces of the membranes in successive rows are spaced apart by a distance equal to or less that the outside diameter of the membranes.
4. The system of claim 3 further comprising a cushioning lamina surrounding the membranes where they extend upwards from the solid body into the substrate.
5. The membrane filtration system of claim 3 wherein the membranes have a center-to-center spacing in the rows that is twice the diameter of the membranes or less.
6. A process comprising the steps of
(a) providing a membrane filtration system comprising
(i) a tank for holding a substrate at ambient pressure during filtration;
(ii) a membrane filtration device immersed in the substrate and comprising
a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, each of the membranes comprising a braided support;
the membranes potted in a solid body and extending vertically upwards from the solid body into the substrate;
the solid body having ends of the membranes sealingly secured therein, with ends of the membranes open to a permeate-discharging face of the solid body;
an enclosure sealingly connected in open fluid communication with the permeate-discharging face; and,
a permeate withdrawal port in communication with the enclosure;
(iii) an aeration system; and,
(iv) a source of suction in fluid communication with the membrane filtration device,
wherein the membranes are spaced apart in a pattern in the solid body, the pattern comprising a plurality of rows of membranes with the membranes having a center-to-center spacing in the rows that is twice the diameter of the membranes or less, and the plurality of rows equally spaced apart such that the adjacent outside surfaces of the membranes in successive rows are spaced apart by a distance equal to or less that the outside diameter of the membranes;
(b) withdrawing permeate by way of a suction applied to the membrane filtration device; and,
(c) providing air bubbles from the aeration system while withdrawing permeate wherein the membranes sway within one or more columns of rising bubbles during step (c).