Transmitter frequency peaking for optical fiber channels
View Patent ↗Frequency peaking is used in the transmitter to improve link performance. In one example, frequency peaking improves the PIE D or TWDP. The frequency peaking can result in pulse shapes that have more electrical energy in the receiver (and therefore higher received SNR) than uncompensated pulses. In addition, due to the response of typical fibers, boosting the high frequencies typically will flatten the received spectrum, which will improve the performance of the equalizer in an EDC receiver.
1. An optical transmitter for transmitting data over an optical fiber at a specified data rate, wherein the optical transmitter comprises:
a laser driver receiving the data, the laser driver including a pre-emphasis network amplifying data of a current period of a line rate by a factor of 1+x to generate amplified data, attenuating data of a previous period of the line rate by x to generated attenuated data, where x is a fraction between 0 and 1, and generating modified data by subtracting the attenuated data from the amplified data; and
a laser coupled to the laser driver, the laser receiving the modified data and encoding the modified data to produce an optical signal suitable for transmission over the optical fiber and having a frequency spectrum that has a relative peak at a peak frequency located in a vicinity of the line rate and the relative peak is relative to a reference frequency spectrum of a reference optical signal produced by an ideal rectangular pulse transmitter encoding the data.
2. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the peak frequency is between 10% and 100% of the line rate.
3. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the peak frequency is between 25% and 75% of the line rate.
4. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the peak frequency is approximately 35-50% of the line rate.
5. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the optical pulses encode the data based on on-off keying.
6. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the data rate is approximately 10 G.
7. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the transmitter complies with a standard specifying a maximum power penalty.
8. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the modified data from the pre-emphasis network boosts the peak frequency of the optical signal relative to a DC frequency.
9. The transmitter of claim 8 wherein the pre-emphasis network has a transfer function of (1+x)−xD, where and D is a delay equal to one period of the line rate.
10. The transmitter of claim 9 wherein x is approximately 0.25.
11. The transmitter of claim 8 wherein the pre-emphasis network is clocked.
12. The transmitter of claim 8 wherein the pre-emphasis network is a passive network.
13. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the transmitter has a lower power penalty than the ideal rectangular pulse transmitter.
14. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the transmitter has a lower PIE-D power penalty than the ideal rectangular pulse transmitter.
15. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the peak frequency is located in a frequency band that is attenuated by the optical fiber.
16. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the transmitter complies with an X2, XFP or SFP+ form factor.
17. A method for transmitting data over an optical fiber at a specified data rate, the method comprising:
receiving the data;
generating amplified data by amplifying data of a current period of a line rate by a factor of 1+x, where x is a fraction between 0 and 1;
generating attenuated data by multiplying data of a previous period of the line rate by x;
generating modified data by subtracting the attenuated data from the amplified data; and producing an optical signal that encodes the modified data and is suitable for transmission over the optical fiber, wherein the optical signal has a frequency spectrum that has a relative peak at a peak frequency located in a vicinity of a line rate and the relative peak is relative to a reference frequency spectrum of a reference optical signal produced by an ideal rectangular pulse transmitter encoding the data.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the peak frequency is between 10% and 100% of the line rate.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the peak frequency is between 25% and 75% of the line rate.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of producing the optical signal comprises producing the optical pulses based on on-off keying of the data.
21. The method of claim 17 wherein the data rate is approximately 10 G.
22. The method of claim 17 wherein the modified data boosts the peak frequency relative to a DC frequency.
23. The method of claim 17 wherein the optical signal has a lower power penalty than the ideal rectangular pulse transmitter.
24. The method of claim 17 wherein the peak frequency is located in a frequency band that is attenuated by the optical fiber.
25. The transmitter of claim 1 wherein the transmitter has a lower transmit waveform and dispersion penalty (TWDP) than the ideal rectangular pulse transmitter.