Method for reducing microbial levels on the hide of an animal
View Patent ↗Disclosed is a novel method for reducing microbial levels on a hide of an animal. In one embodiment, the method comprises stunning the animal having a hide with a quantity of microorganisms on its hair, contacting the hide of the animal with an alkaline solution having a pH from about 8 to about pH 13, contacting the animal with a second solution including one or more of water, an organic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, and reusing at least a portion of at least one of the first and second solutions.
1. A method of reducing microbial levels on a hide of an animal, comprising:
(a) stunning the animal, wherein the hide of the animal has a quantity of microorganisms on its hair;
(b) contacting the hide of the animal with an alkaline solution having a pH of between about 8 and about 13;
(c) contacting said animal with a second solution comprising at least one of water, an organic acid, and hydrogen peroxide; and
(d) reusing at least a portion of the solution from at least one of said contacting steps (b) and (c) in at least one of said contacting steps (b) and (c);
wherein said contacting steps (b) and (c) are performed subsequent to stunning and prior to removal of the hide.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after said contacting step (b) and before said step (d) of reusing:
directing solids comprising hair and a liquid generated by said contacting step (b) to a drain; and
separating at least a portion of the solids from the liquid to generate a separated liquid that includes at least a portion of said alkaline solution.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said step of separating is performed using one or more of a filter, a screen, and a centrifuge.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the screen is one of a vibrating screen and a screen having a hydrophobic material associated therewith.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after said contacting step (c) and prior to said step (d) of reusing:
directing solids comprising hair and a liquid generated by said contacting step (c) to a drain; and
separating at least a portion of the solids from the liquid to generate a separated liquid that includes sodium hydroxide.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said step of separating is performed using one or more of a screen, a filter, and a centrifuge.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising prior to said contacting step (b), contacting the hide of the animal with a solution comprising one or more of a surfactant and a wetting agent.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more of a surfactant and a wetting agent is one or more of a soap, an alcohol, a fatty acid, and a detergent.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the one or more of a surfactant and a wetting agent is a fatty acid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step (b) of contacting is accomplished without causing damage to the hide.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said alkaline solution further comprises one or more of a surfactant and a wetting agent.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more of a surfactant and a wetting agent is one or more of a soap, an alcohol, a fatty acid, and a detergent.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline solution further comprises hydrogen peroxide.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second solution comprises a fresh water rinse.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second solution comprises acetic acid.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
combining a waste stream from each of said contacting steps (b) and (c) to form a combined waste stream comprising solids and a liquid, wherein the solids comprise hair:
separating at least a portion of the solids from the liquid to generate a combined separated liquid; and
reusing at least a portion of the combined separated liquid in at least one of contacting steps (b) and (c).
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the generation of the combined separated liquid is accomplished using one or more of a screen, a filter, and a centrifuge prior to said step (d) of reusing.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
collecting a first waste stream comprising solids and a liquid from said step (b) of contacting in a first drain, wherein the solids comprise hair;
collecting a second waste stream comprising solids and a liquid from said step (c) of contacting in a second drain distinct from said first drain, wherein the solids comprise hair; and
processing each of the first and second waste streams separately so as to separate the solids from the liquid in each of the first and second waste streams.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step (b) of contacting includes a dwell time, and wherein the dwell time of said alkaline solution is from about 1 to about 180 seconds.
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exsanguinating said animal to cause clinical death after said step of stunning and prior to said step (b) of contacting.
21. The method of claim 1 , further comprising exsanguinating said animal to cause clinical death after said step of stunning and after said step (b) of contacting.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step (b) of contacting is accomplished by delivering a pressurized spray generated from a plurality of nozzles.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein said plurality of nozzles comprise a plurality of movable nozzles.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step (c) of contacting is accomplished by delivering a pressurized spray generated from a plurality of nozzles.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein said plurality of nozzles comprise a plurality of movable nozzles.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said contacting steps (b) and (c) are performed using a high-pressure spray.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein said steps (b) and (c) of contacting are accomplished by delivering said alkaline solution and said second solution from at least one pump.
28. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating said alkaline solution to a temperature of between about 90° F. and about 190° F.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein said alkaline solution comprises residual waste from a prior contacting of an animal hide with said alkaline solution.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second solution comprises residual waste from a prior contacting of an animal hide with said second solution.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein said alkaline solution comprises sodium hydroxide.
32. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of said alkaline solution and said second solution comprise sodium hydroxide.
33. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step (d) of reusing comprises reusing water in at least one of contacting steps (b) and (c).
34. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after said step (b) of contacting, removing at least some hair from the hide of the animal.
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein said step of removing hair is accomplished by action of said alkaline solution.
36. The method of claim 34 , wherein said step of removing hair is accomplished by a high-pressure spray.
37. The method of claim 34 , wherein said step of removing hair is accomplished by one or more of a mechanical device selected from the group consisting of blades, combs, and brushes.
38. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step (c) of contacting is performed after said step (b) of contacting.
39. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step (c) of contacting is performed before said step (b) of contacting.