Lubricating compositions

1. An automatic transmission fluid composition comprising:

(a) a major amount of a base oil;

(b) a mixture of friction modifiers, wherein the total nitrogen content provided by the mixture of friction modifiers is greater than or equal to about 300 ppm and wherein the mixture of friction modifiers comprises (i) at least one succinimide of formula (I):

wherein R is saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, and is selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, and cyclic radicals comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms and R′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups having from about 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and (ii) at least one imidazoline of formula (III), (IV), or a mixture thereof:

wherein R 1 comprises a C 3 to C 30 straight chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydrocarbyl groups as oligomers/polymers derived from propylene isobutylene and higher olefins having terminal, internal, and vinylidene double bonds, and their heteroatom derivatives and wherein n ranges from 0 to 5; and

(c) one or more ashless succinimide dispersants, phosphorylated forms thereof, boronated forms thereof, and phosphorylated and boronated forms thereof, wherein the total nitrogen content provided by the one or more ashless succinimide dispersants is greater than or equal to about 500 ppm;

wherein the automatic transmission fluid has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 4 cSt to about 6.5 cSt and a Brookfield viscosity at −40° C. of from about 4,000 cP to about 20,000 cP.

2. The automatic transmission fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of friction modifiers further comprises an amine or an amide.

3. An automatic transmission fluid composition comprising:

(a) a major amount of a base oil;

(b) a mixture of friction modifiers comprising (i) at least one succinimide friction modifier selected from the group consisting of:

(1) a succinimide of formula (I):

wherein R is saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, and is selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, and cyclic radicals comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms and R′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups having from about 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and

(2) a bis-succinimide of formula (II):

wherein R 1 is a C6 to C30 isomerized alkenyl group, represented by:

wherein x and y are independent integers whose sum is from 1 to 30, or its fully saturated alkyl analog,

wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C25 straight or branched chain alkyl radicals, C1 to C12 alkoxy radicals, and C2 to C6 alkylene radicals,

wherein a is an integer from 1 to 6, and

wherein b is zero or an integer from 1 to 10; and

(ii) an imidazoline friction modifier of formula (III), (IV), or a mixture thereof:

wherein R 1 comprises a C 3 to C 30 straight chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydrocarbyl groups as oligomers/polymers derived from propylene isobutylene and higher olefins having terminal, internal, and vinylidene double bonds, and their heteroatom derivatives and wherein n ranges from 0 to 5;

and optionally (3) an amine or an amide friction modifier; and

(c) one or more oil-soluble ashless succinimide dispersants, phosphorylated forms thereof, boronated forms thereof, and phosphorylated and boronated forms thereof;

wherein the total nitrogen content in an automatic transmission fluid provided by the mixture of friction modifiers is greater than or equal to about 300 ppm and the total nitrogen content provided by the one or more ashless succinimide dispersants is greater than or equal to about 500 ppm and

wherein the automatic transmission fluid has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 4 cSt to about 6.5 cSt and a Brookfield viscosity at −40° C. of from about 4,000 cP to about 20,000 cP.

4. The automatic transmission fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the total nitrogen content in the automatic transmission fluid provided by the mixture of friction modifiers is from about 600 ppm to about 3000 ppm and the total nitrogen content provided by the one or more dispersants is from about 600 ppm to about 3000 ppm.

5. The automatic transmission fluid composition according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more ashless succinimide dispersants comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of a borated succinimide dispersant, a phosphorylated succinimide dispersant, a borated and phosphorylated succinimide dispersant, and mixtures thereof.

6. The automatic transmission fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of friction modifiers further comprise a reaction product of an aliphatic carboxylic acid or anhydride and ammonia.

7. The automatic transmission fluid composition of claim 6 , wherein the reaction product comprises a minor amount of unreacted olefin and an ammonium salt of acid amide of formula (V):

wherein R is saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, and is selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, and cyclic radicals comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms and wherein X is selected from the group consisting of O − NH 4 + and NH 2 .

8. The automatic transmission fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein the base oil comprises at least one of a natural oil, a synthetic oil, or a mixture thereof.

9. The automatic transmission fluid composition of claim 8 , wherein the natural oil comprises at least one of a mineral oil and a vegetable oil.

10. The automatic transmission fluid composition of claim 8 , wherein the synthetic oil comprises at least one of an oligomer of an alpha-olefin, an ester, an oil derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process, and a gas-to-liquid stock.

11. The automatic transmission fluid composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of detergents, antioxidants, metal deactivators, dyes, markers, copper corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antistatic additives, demulsifiers, dehazers, anti-icing additives, lubricity additives, extreme pressure additives, cold flow improvers, friction modifiers, antiwear agents, antifoam agents, viscosity index improvers, antirust additives, seal swell agents, metal deactivators, and air expulsion additives.

12. An automatic transmission comprising the fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein the transmission is selected from a transmission employing at least one of a slipping torque converter clutch, a lock-up torque converter clutch, a starting clutch, and at least one shifting clutch.

13. The automatic transmission of claim 12 , wherein the clutch comprises a carbon fiber friction material.

14. An automatic transmission comprising the fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein the transmission is selected from a belt, chain, disk, or toroidal-type continuously variable transmission.

15. An automatic transmission comprising the fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein the transmission comprises a dual clutch transmission.

16. A vehicle comprising a transmission, the transmission including the automatic transmission fluid composition according to claim 1 .

17. A method for lubricating a transmission comprising applying to the transmission an automatic transmission fluid composition according to claim 1 .

18. A method for improving the friction durability for an automatic transmission apparatus by using an effective amount of a power transmitting fluid comprising:

(a) a major amount of a base oil;

(b) a mixture of friction modifiers, wherein the total nitrogen content provided by the mixture of friction modifiers is greater than or equal to about 300 ppm and wherein the mixture of friction modifiers comprises

(i) at least one succinimide friction modifier of formula (I):

wherein R is saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, and is selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, and cyclic radicals comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms and R′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups having from about 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and

(ii) at least one imidazoline friction modifier of formula (III), (IV), or a mixture thereof:

wherein R 1 comprises a C 3 to C 30 straight chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydrocarbyl groups as oligomers/polymers derived from propylene isobutylene and higher olefins having terminal, internal, and vinylidene double bonds, and their heteroatom derivatives and wherein n ranges from 0 to 5; and

(c) one or more ashless succinimide dispersants, phosphorylated forms thereof, boronated forms thereof, and phosphorylated and boronated forms thereof, wherein the total nitrogen content provided by the one or more ashless succinimide dispersants is greater than or equal to about 500 ppm;

wherein the power transmitting fluid has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from about 4 cSt to about 6.5 cSt and a Brookfield viscosity at −40° C. of from about 4,000 cP to about 20,000 cP.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the at least one succinimide friction modifier comprises a bis-succinimide of formula (II):

wherein R 1 is a C6 to C30 isomerized alkenyl group, represented by:

wherein x and y are independent integers whose sum is from 1 to 30, or its fully saturated alkyl analog,

wherein R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C25 straight or branched chain alkyl radicals, C1 to C12 alkoxy radicals, and C2 to C6 alkylene radicals,

wherein a is an integer from 1 to 6, and

wherein b is zero or an integer from 1 to 10.

20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the mixture of friction modifiers further comprises an amine or an amide.

21. An automatic transmission fluid top treat comprising:

(a) a mixture of friction modifiers, wherein the total nitrogen content provided by the mixture of friction modifiers is greater than or equal to about 300 ppm and

wherein the mixture of friction modifiers comprises (i) at least one succinimide friction modifier of formula (I):

wherein R is saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, and is selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, and cyclic radicals comprising from about 5 to about 30 carbon atoms and R′ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups having from about 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and (ii) at least one imidazoline friction modifier of formula (III), (IV), or a mixture thereof:

wherein R 1 comprises a C 3 to C 30 straight chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydrocarbyl groups as oligomers/polymers derived from propylene isobutylene and higher olefins having terminal, internal, and vinylidene double bonds, and their heteroatom derivatives and wherein n ranges from 0 to 5; and

(b) one or more ashless succinimide dispersants, phosphorylated forms thereof, boronated forms thereof, and phosphorylated and boronated forms thereof, wherein the total nitrogen content provided by the one or more ashless dispersants is greater than or equal to about 500 ppm.