Method of authenticating a poly(arylene ether) composition
A poly(arylene ether)-containing resin composition or article may be authenticated by a method that includes at least partially extracting a pH sensitive compound from the resin composition or the article with a solvent, wherein the resin composition or the article includes a poly(arylene ether) and the pH sensitive compound; mixing the solvent having the extracted pH sensitive compound with an acidic solution or a basic solution to form an observation mixture; and observing the observation mixture to determine if a predetermined color change occurred in the observation mixture.
1 . A method of authenticating a resin composition or an article, comprising:
at least partially extracting a pH sensitive compound from the resin composition or the article with a solvent, wherein the resin composition or the article comprises
a poly(arylene ether); and
the pH sensitive compound;
mixing the solvent having the extracted pH sensitive compound with an acidic solution or a basic solution to form an observation mixture; and
observing the observation mixture to determine if a predetermined color change occurred in the observation mixture.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the poly(arylene ether) comprises a plurality of structural units of the formula
wherein for each structural unit, each Q 1 is independently halogen, primary or secondary C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 aminoalkyl, C 1 -C 12 hydroxyalkyl, aryl, C 1 -C 12 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyloxy, or C 1 -C 12 halohydrocarbyloxy wherein at least two carbon atoms separate the halogen and oxygen atoms; and each Q 2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, primary or secondary C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 aminoalkyl, C 1 -C 12 hydroxyalkyl, aryl, C 1 -C 12 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 12 hydrocarbyloxy, or C 1 -C 12 halohydrocarbyloxy wherein at least two carbon atoms separate the halogen and oxygen atoms.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the poly(arylene ether) comprises 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH sensitive compound comprises thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein, or a combination thereof.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH sensitive compound is selected from the group consisting of methyl violet, thymol blue, methyl yellow, bromophenol blue, congo red, methyl orange, litmus, bromocresol purple, phenol red, thymol blue, alizarin Yellow R, Indigo carmine, and combinations thereof.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising a second pH sensitive compound.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH sensitive compound is colorless at a neutral pH.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH sensitive compound is capable of changing to multiple colors as a function of pH.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH sensitive compound is present in an amount of about 0.01 weight percent to about 40 weight percent based on a total weight of the composition.
10 . The resin composition of claim 1 , wherein the pH sensitive compound is present in an amount of about 0.1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent based on a total weight of the composition.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, and combinations thereof.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises acetone.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent having the extracted pH sensitive compound is mixed with the acidic solution, and wherein the acidic solution comprises acetic acid, citric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, alum, or a combination thereof.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent having the extracted pH sensitive compound is mixed with the basic solution, and wherein the basic solution comprises sodium bicarbonate, borax, calcium carbonate, magnesia, ammonia, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and lime, or a combination thereof.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined color change comprises an absorbance change of at least 0.05 absorbance units per centimeter path length at the maximum absorbance of an acidic or basic form of the pH sensitive compound.
16 . A method of authenticating a resin composition or an article, comprising:
at least partially extracting a pH sensitive compound from the resin composition or the article with a solvent, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, and combinations thereof; and wherein the resin composition or the article comprises
about 10 to about 90 weight percent of a poly(arylene ether) comprising 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units;
about 10 to about 70 weight percent of a poly(alkenyl aromatic) selected from the group consisting of homopolymers of an alkenyl aromatic monomer, random copolymers of an alkenyl aromatic monomer with one or more different monomers, unhydrogenated and hydrogenated block copolymers of an alkenyl aromatic and a conjugated diene; rubber-modified poly(alkenyl aromatic)s, and combinations thereof; and
about 0.01 weight percent to about 40 weight percent of the pH sensitive compound; wherein the pH sensitive compound is capable of providing a color change when the pH sensitive compound is at least partially extracted from the resin composition and is added to a basic or acidic solution; wherein the pH sensitive compound is selected from the group consisting of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein, methyl violet, thymol blue, methyl yellow, bromophenol blue, congo red, methyl orange, litmus, bromocresol purple, phenol red, thymol blue, alizarin Yellow R, Indigo carmine, and combinations thereof;
mixing the solvent having the extracted pH sensitive compound with an acidic solution or a basic solution to form an observation mixture; and
observing the observation mixture to determine if a predetermined color change occurred in the observation mixture.
17 . A method of forming an authenticatable poly(arylene ether) composition, comprising:
melt blending a poly(arylene ether) and a concentrate comprising a polymer resin and a pH sensitive compound.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the polymer resin has a glass transition temperature or a melting temperature less than or equal to about 170° C.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the polymer resin is selected from the group consisting of polystyrenes, hydrocarbon waxes, hydrocarbon resins, fatty acids, polyolefins, polyesters, fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, rosins and rosin derivatives, terpene resins, acrylate resins, polyamides, and combinations thereof.
20 . A method of forming an authenticatable poly(arylene ether) composition, comprising:
melt blending
a poly(arylene ether), and
a concentrate comprising a polystyrene and a pH sensitive compound selected from the group consisting of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein, methyl violet, thymol blue, methyl yellow, bromophenol blue, congo red, methyl orange, litmus, bromocresol purple, phenol red, thymol blue, alizarin Yellow R, Indigo carmine, and combinations thereof.
21 . A method of authenticating an article, comprising:
at least partially extracting a pH sensitive compound from the surface of an article with a solvent, wherein the article is the product of solvent coating with a pH sensitive compound a surface of an article comprising a poly(arylene ether);
mixing the solvent having the extracted pH sensitive compound with an acidic solution or a basic solution to form an observation mixture; and
observing the observation mixture to determine if a predetermined color change occurred in the observation mixture
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein said solvent coating with a pH sensitive compound comprises
applying to a surface of the article a solution comprising the pH sensitive compound and a solvent comprising C 1 -C 6 alkanol; and
removing solvent from the surface of the article.