Nanoparticles for protein drug delivery

1. A method for inducing a redistribution of tight junction's ZO-1 protein, leading to translocation of said ZO-1 protein to cytoskeleton that accompanies increased paracellular transport in a patient, the method comprising administering into the patient bioactive nanoparticles with a dosage effective to induce said redistribution, wherein said bioactive nanoparticles comprise a shell substrate of chitosan and a core substrate that comprises poly(glutamic acid).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bioactive nanoparticles comprise at least one bioactive agent.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said at least one bioactive agent comprises insulin.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said at least one bioactive agent comprises rivastigmine tartrate.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said chitosan has a molecular weight between about 30 kDa and about 50 kDa.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said chitosan has a molecular weight about 80 kDa or less.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a substantial portion of a surface of said nanoparticles is characterized with a positive surface charge.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles are in a spheroidal shape having a mean particle size of about 150 nanometers to 250 nanometers.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles are in a spheroidal shape having a mean particle size of about 50 nanometers to 400 nanometers.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said poly(glutamic acid) is selected from a group consisting of γ-PGA, α-PGA, water soluble salts of PGA, and metal salts of PGA.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method comprises administering said nanoparticles into a blood vessel of the patient.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles are treated with a coating.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles are treated with enteric coating.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles further comprise at least one transport enhancer.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said transport enhancer is Ca 2+ chelators.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said dosage comprises 10 mg to 40 mg of the at least one bioactive agent per day over a period of one month to one year.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the shell substrate is crosslinked.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanoparticles are formed via a simple and mild ionic-gelation method.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one bioactive agent comprises an antagonist for Alzheimer's disease.