Nanoparticles for protein drug delivery

1. A method of treating diabetes of a patient comprising orally administering insulin containing nanoparticles with a dosage effective amount of said insulin to treat said diabetes, wherein at least a portion of said nanoparticles comprises chitosan substrate and poly(glutamic acid).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said insulin containing nanoparticles further comprise at least one paracellular transport enhancer.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said paracellular transport enhancer is a Ca 2+ chelator.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said nanoparticles and said paracellular transport enhancer are co-encapsulated in a softgel capsule.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said insulin containing nanoparticles are encapsulated.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a molecular formula of said insulin is C 257 H 383 N 65 O 77 S 6 .

7. The method of claim 2 , wherein said dosage effective amount of the insulin to treat the diabetes comprises an insulin amount of between about 15 units to 45 units per kilogram body weight of the patient.

8. The method of claim 2 , wherein said dosage effective amount of the insulin to treat the diabetes comprises an insulin amount of between about 25 units to 35 units per kilogram body weight of the patient.

9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the insulin containing nanoparticles comprise a trace amount of zinc.

10. The method of claim 2 , wherein said insulin containing nanoparticles are treated with enteric coating.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles have a mean particle size between about 50 and 400 nanometers.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles have a mean particle size between about 100 and 300 nanometers.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles have a mean particle size between about 100 and 200 nanometers.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are formed via a simple and mild ionic-gelation method.