Electromagnetic wave generator
A compact and low-cost electromagnetic wave generator in which X-rays having high intensity can be generated and the energy of generated X-rays can rapidly be switched. In an electromagnetic wave generator including a circular accelerator, a deflection electromagnet incorporated in the circular accelerator focuses injected and accelerated electrons. The circular accelerator produces stable closed electron orbits in respective regions with respective widths in the radial direction of the accelerator. The closed electron orbits are stable during injection and acceleration of electrons. A target is arranged across only some of the stable closed electron orbits so that a collision region, where a circulating electron beam collides with the target, and a non-collision region, where a circulating electron beam does not collide with the target, are produced. Through control of respective patterns of changes with time of the deflection magnetic field, a given electron closed orbit is shifted between the collision and the non-collision regions, thereby generating X-rays.
1. An electromagnetic wave generator including:
an Alternating Gradient (AG) focusing circular accelerator;
a controller; and
a target, wherein
the circular accelerator comprises
an electron generator for generating electrons,
an injector for injecting the electrons generated by the electron generator into the AG focusing circular accelerator,
an acceleration core for generating an AC magnetic field for accelerating the electrons with an electric field induced by the magnetic field generated by the acceleration core, and
a deflection electromagnet for generating
a deflection magnetic field inclining in a radial direction of the circular accelerator for deflecting the electrons injected into the circular accelerator and accelerated electrons to form circular orbits, and
an edge focusing magnetic field applying an approximately constant focusing force to elections passing through the edge focusing magnetic field, and producing stable electron circulation orbits spread over the radial direction of the AG focusing circular accelerator,
the controller controls a time dependent relationship of intensity of the deflection magnetic field and the acceleration magnetic field to produce a first prescribed core pattern, whereby the injected electrons are accelerated and circulate along the orbits spread over the radial direction during injection by the injector and orbital radii of the orbits of the circulating electrons are varied after injection, and
the target is disposed within the stable electron circulation orbits and the accelerated electrons are made to collide with the target by varying the orbital radii of the circulating electrons, whereby electromagnetic waves are generated.
2. The electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1 , wherein, during injection and acceleration of the electrons, the controller controls the deflection magnetic field to have a constant intensity.
3. The electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1 , wherein, during injection of the electrons, the controller controls the deflection magnetic field to have an intensity that decreases with time.
4. The electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1 , wherein the controller controls the time dependent relationship of intensity of the deflection magnetic field and of the acceleration core magnetic field to have a second prescribed core pattern, after injection of the electrons so that, by increasing and decreasing each orbital radius of the circulating electrons at least once, the orbits of the circulating electrons cross the target at least two times.
5. The electromagnetic wave generator according to claim 1 , wherein the injector injects the electrons through a periphery of the AG focusing circular accelerator and the controller controls the time dependent relationship of intensity of the deflection magnetic field and the acceleration core magnetic field to have a second prescribed core pattern so that each orbital radius of the circulating electrons is reduced upon acceleration of the electrons that are injected.