Maximized battery run-time in a parallel UPS system
View Patent ↗An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) includes a plurality of UPS modules. Each of the UPS modules has a battery that provides power to a protected load in the event of a utility power failure. A plurality of controllers control how much power each of the batteries deliver to the protected load, and a communication bus allows the controllers to exchange information about the battery voltages. One of the controllers calculates the average battery voltage of the plurality of batteries and adjusts the amount of energy provided by an individual battery such that the battery voltage is about equal to the average battery voltage.
1. A method of controlling a plurality of battery voltages in a plurality of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) modules, each of the UPS modules having an inverter for providing power to a load, each of the inverters receiving power from a battery, the method comprising:
determining an average voltage of the batteries from at least two of the UPS modules;
comparing the battery voltage from the at least two UPS modules to the average battery voltage; and
generating a control signal responsive to the comparison that causes the inverters to adjust the amount of power delivered by the batteries to the load, the control signal intentionally causing an imbalance by intentionally increasing the amount of power delivered from at least one of the batteries who's voltage is greater than the average battery voltage and intentionally decreasing the amount of power delivered from at least one of the batteries who's voltage is less than the average battery voltage, wherein intentionally causing an imbalance comprises intentionally placing one or more of the inverters in an overload condition.
2. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system comprising:
a plurality of UPS modules, each of the UPS modules including a battery that provides power to a protected load during a utility power failure;
a plurality of controllers that control how much power each of the batteries deliver to the protected load;
a communication bus that allows the controllers to exchange information about the battery voltages;
wherein at least one of the controllers calculates an average battery voltage of the plurality of batteries and adjusts the amount of energy provided by at least one of the batteries, and wherein the at least one controller outputs a control signal intentionally causing an imbalance by intentionally increasing the amount of power delivered from at least one of the batteries who's voltage is greater than the average battery voltage and intentionally decreasing the amount of power delivered from at least one of the batteries who's voltage is less than the average battery voltage, wherein intentionally causing an imbalance comprises intentionally placing one or more of the inverters in an overload condition.
3. The UPS system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one controller compares the battery voltage for the at least one battery to the average battery voltage.
4. The UPS system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one controller receives a first signal responsive to the average battery voltage and a second signal responsive to the voltage of the at least one battery.
5. The method of claim 1 , further including estimating a runtime of at least one of the batteries.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein estimating a runtime of at least one of the batteries further includes:
detecting when one or more of the UPS modules looses utility power; and
estimating the runtime of the battery associated with the UPS module that has lost utility power.
7. The method of claim 6 , further including balancing the estimated battery runtime of the battery associated with the UPS module that has lost utility power against an overload runtime of the inverter intentionally placed in the overload condition.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein intentionally causing an imbalance comprises intentionally reducing an amount of energy supplied through one or more of the inverters to zero.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein intentionally causing an imbalance comprises intentionally reducing an amount of energy supplied through one or more of the inverters to zero and then increasing the an amount of energy supplied through one or more of the inverters until none of the inverters are in an overload condition.
10. A method of controlling a plurality of battery voltages in a plurality of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) modules, each of the UPS modules having an inverter for providing power to a load, each of the inverters receiving power from a battery, the method comprising:
generating a control signal that intentionally reduces an amount of energy supplied through one or more of the inverters to zero, wherein the control signal also intentionally places one or more of the inverters in an overload condition;
estimating a runtime of at least one of the batteries; and
balancing the estimated battery runtime against an overload runtime of the inverter intentionally place in the overload condition.
11. The method of claim 10 , further including increasing the amount of energy supplied through the inverter previously reduced to zero, until the overloaded inverter is no longer overloaded.
12. The method of claim 10 , further including further including increasing the amount of energy supplied through the inverter previously reduced to zero.
13. A method of controlling a plurality of battery voltages in a plurality of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) modules, each of the UPS modules having an inverter for providing power to a load, each of the inverters receiving power from a battery, the method comprising:
generating a control signal that intentionally places one or more of the inverters in an overload condition;
estimating a runtime of at least one of the batteries; and
balancing the estimated battery runtime against an overload runtime of the inverter intentionally place in the overload condition.