Multi-layer Thermoformed Fuel Tank and Method of Manufacturing the Same
A motor vehicle fuel tank and a method of making a motor vehicle fuel tank is provided. In particular, a twin sheet thermoformed plastic fuel tank or other plastic container including a hollow plastic tank body having a first shell portion and a second shell portion is fused together to form a seam. A pair of thermoplastic sheets are vacuum-formed at an elevated forming temperature in upper and lower mold cavities of a molding apparatus to the shape of upper and lower shells. The mold cavities are closed together to form the hollow tank body by fusion bonding the upper and lower shells at respective attachment flanges on each. A method of automated, manual or combination automated/manual manufacture of the fuel tank of the present invention is also provided.
1 . A fuel tank comprising:
a first shell formed from a thermoformed multi-layer sheet, said first shell including a first edge defining a perimeter of said first shell; and
a second shell formed from a thermoformed multi-layer sheet, said second shell including a second edge defining a perimeter of said second shell;
wherein said first and second edges form a seam;
wherein said first and second shells define a generally hollow interior; and
wherein each of said multi-layer sheets independently comprise:
at least one first layer composed of from about 0.5-100% by weight of at least one polyolefin polymer;
at least one second layer composed of from about 0.5-100% by weight of at least one polyolefin polymer;
at least one third layer composed of from about 0.5-100% by weight of at least one adhesive resin; and
at least one fourth layer composed of from about 0.5-100% by weight of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer.
2 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , said first layer comprising from about 10-25% by volume of said multi-layer sheet.
3 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , wherein said first layer polyolefin polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisoprene, copolymers thereof, terpolymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
4 . The fuel tank of claim 3 , wherein said polyolefin polymer is high density polyethylene.
5 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , said first layer further comprising less than about 49% by weight of a colorant.
6 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , said second layer comprising less than about 22.5% by volume of said multi-layer sheet.
7 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , wherein said second layer polyolefin polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisoprene, copolymers thereof, terpolymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
8 . The fuel tank of claim 7 , wherein said polyolefin polymer is high density polyethylene.
9 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , said second layer further comprising less than about 8% by volume of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin.
10 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , said third layer comprising from about 0.75-1.5% by volume of said multi-layer sheet.
11 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , said adhesive resin being a maleated linear low density polyethylene.
12 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , said fourth layer comprising from about 2.0-50% by volume of said multi-layer sheet.
13 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , said fourth layer comprising ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer.
14 . The fuel tank of claim 1 , wherein any of said layer further comprises from about 0-80% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting of neutralizers, process aids, lubricants, stabilizers, hydrocarbon resins, antistatics, antiblocking agents, fillers, ultraviolet stabilizers, specialty additives and mixtures thereof.
15 . A method for making a fuel tank comprising:
thermoforming at least one thermoplastic sheet to form a molded body;
indexing said molded body;
trimming excess material from said molded body;
boring, welding, and/or trimming said mold body according to desired specifications;
assembling said molded body; and
testing said molded body.
16 . The method of claim 15 , said thermoforming step comprising:
preheating at least one thermoplastic sheet to a preheating temperature less than the melt temperature of said thermoplastic sheet;
heating said thermoplastic sheet to a processing temperature until said thermoplastic sheet is malleable;
molding said thermoplastic sheet to form a molded body;
sealing individual parts of said molded body; and
pressurizing said molded body.
17 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising the steps of:
conveying said molded body to an indexing and trimming station;
conveying said excess material to a floor grinder;
conveying said molded body to a secondary trimming station;
conveying said molded body to an assembly station; and
conveying said molded body to a testing station.
18 . The method of claim 15 wherein said method is automated.
19 . The method of claim 15 wherein said method is manual.
20 . The method of claim 15 wherein said method is a combination of automated and manual.