Method of treating crops with submicron chlorothalonil
A chlorothalonil slurry product having greater than 90% by weight of the chlorothalonil present in discrete particles having a diameter less than 1 micron, more preferably less than 0.3 microns, is useful at reduced application rates, compared to prior art chlorothalonil formulations, to control a variety of diseases such as sapstain on wood, neck rot on onions, late blight on potatos, and downey mildew on fruits and vegetables.
1 . A method of manufacture of a chlorothalonil slurry comprising:
wet milling a chlorothalonil slurry with sub-millimeter zirconium-based ceramic or metal oxide milling media to provide a chlorothalonil product having between 4% and 96% by weight of chlorothalonil, wherein the chlorothalonil is present as solid particles which in their aggregate have a particle size distribution, and the particle size distribution is such that the d 95 of the chlorothalonil particles is less than 1 micron and the d 50 is below 0.7 microns, wherein the term d## is the diameter at wherein ## percent by weight of chlorothalonil in the product have a particle diameter less than or equal to the d##, where ## is any number greater than 0 and less than 100.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the chlorothalonil product comprises greater than 50% by weight chlorothalonil, and the chlorothalonil product further comprises water and at least one of surfactants and dispersants.
3 . The method of claim 2 wherein the chlorothalonil product comprises between 50% and 65% by weight chlorothalonil.
4 . The method of claim 1 wherein the milling material is a zirconium-containing metal oxide or ceramic material with a density greater than 4.5 g/cc and a size range between 0.1 to 0.7 mm.
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein the milling material is a zirconium-containing metal oxide or ceramic material with a density greater than 4.5 g/cc and a size range between 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
6 . The method of claim 1 wherein the d 50 is between about 0.1 microns and about 0.3 microns and where the d 95 and d 20 are each within a factor of three of the d 50 .
7 . The method of claim 3 wherein the d 50 is between about 0.1 microns and about 0.3 microns and where the d 95 and d 20 are each within a factor of three of the d 50 .
8 . The method of claim 3 wherein the d 50 is less than 0.2 microns and where the d 95 and d 20 are each within a factor of three of the d 50 , and wherein the product comprises only about 1 part or less by weight total of surfactants and dispersants per 8 parts chlorothalonil.
9 . The product of the method of claim 3 wherein the product comprises about 40% to about 65% by weight of technical Chlorothalonil, between about 2% and about 10% by weight of surfactant, and between about 1% and about 6% of dispersant.
10 . The product of the method of claim 3 wherein the product comprises about 52% to about 60% by weight of technical Chlorothalonil, between about 3% and about 5% by weight of surfactant, and between about 1.5% and about 3% of dispersant.
11 . A method of controlling sapstain on wood comprising spraying a diluted slurry comprising the product of claim 1 on wood until the wood surface is wetted, wherein the d 50 is less than 0.2 microns and where the d 95 and d 20 are each within a factor of three of the d 50 .
12 . The method of claim 11 wherein the d 95 is between about 0.2 and about 0.3 microns, the d 50 is between about 0.13 and about 0.17 microns, the d 10 iss between about 0.06 and about 0.08 microns, and the concentration of the diluted slurry is about 0. 1% chlorothalonil.
13 . A method of controlling disease on plants comprising spraying a diluted slurry comprising the product of claim 1 onto said plants.
14 . The method of claim 13 wherein the disease is Botrytis aclada and the plant is onion.
15 . The method of claim 13 wherein the d50 of the product is between about 0.1 microns and about 0.3 microns.
16 . The method of claim 13 wherein the disease is late blight and the plant is potato.
17 . The method of claim 16 wherein the d50 of the product is between about 0.1 microns and about 0.3 microns and wherein application rate is between about 187 and about 375 g per ha.
18 . The method of claim 16 wherein the d50 of the product is between about 0.1 microns and about 0.3 microns and wherein application rate is between about 24 and about 750 g per ha.
19 . The method of claim 13 wherein the disease is Downey Mildew and the plant is a fruit or vegetable.
20 . The method of claim 19 wherein the d50 of the product is between about 0.1 microns and about 0.3 microns and wherein application rate is between about 340 and 500 grams chlorothalonil per acre.