Detection of target analytes using particles and electrodes
The invention relates to the use of particles comprising binding ligands and electron transfer moieties (ETMs). Upon binding of a target analyte, a particle and a reporter composition are associated and transported to an electrode surface. The ETMs are then detected, allowing the presence or absence of the target analyte to be determined.
1 - 6 . (canceled)
7 . A method of detecting cells using colloid particles, comprising:
a) forming an assay complex on a surface, wherein said assay complex comprises
1) said cells;
2) at least one colloid particle comprising a binding ligand; and
3) at least one signaling moiety that is either directly or indirectly attached to said assay complex; and
b) detecting said cells by detecting said signaling moiety.
8 . A method according to claim 7 , wherein said surface is an electrode.
9 . A method according to claim 7 , wherein said colloid particle is a gold colloid particle.
10 . A method according to claim 7 , wherein said colloid particle further comprises a self-assembled monolayer (SAM).
11 . A method according to claim 10 , wherein said SAM is a mixed SAM comprising a at least two species of molecules.
12 . A method according to claim 10 , wherein said binding ligand is attached to said SAM via a transitional metal ligand.
13 . A method according to claim 12 , wherein said transitional metal ligand comprises nickel.
14 . A method according to any of claims 7 to 13 , wherein said binding ligand is a protein.
15 . A method according to claim 7 , wherein said signaling moiety is an electron transfer moiety (ETM).
16 . A method according to claim 7 , wherein said signaling moiety is a fluorescent moiety.
17 . A composition comprising a colloid particle comprising:
1) at least one signaling moiety; and
2) a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM), wherein said SAM comprises at least two species of molecules.
18 . A composition according to claim 17 , wherein one of said species of molecules comprises a protein.
19 . A composition according to claim 17 , wherein one of said species of molecule comprises an insulator.
20 . A composition according to claim 19 , wherein said insulator comprises an alkyl or a heteroalkyl oligomer.
21 . A composition according to claim 17 , wherein said signaling moiety comprises an electron transfer moiety (ETM).
22 . A composition comprising a colloid particle comprising:
a) a self-assembled monolayer (SAM); and
b) a non-DNA binding ligand attached to said colloid particle.
23 . A composition according to claim 22 , wherein said binding ligand comprises a protein.
24 . A composition according to claim 23 , wherein said protein is a peptide.