Techniques for prediction and monitoring of respiration-manifested clinical episodes
View Patent ↗A method is provided for predicting an onset of a clinical episode, the method including sensing breathing of a subject, determining at least one breathing pattern of the subject responsively to the sensed breathing, comparing the breathing pattern with a baseline breathing pattern, and predicting the onset of the episode at least in part responsively to the comparison. Other embodiments are also described.
1. Apparatus, comprising:
a breathing sensor, configured to:
sense breathing of a subject, by performing at least one type of sensing selected from the group consisting of: (a) sensing the breathing without contacting the subject or clothes the subject is wearing, and (b) sensing the breathing without requiring subject compliance during the sensing, and
generate a signal responsively thereto;
an output module; and
a control unit, configured to:
receive the signal,
determine at least one breathing pattern of the subject having a duration of at least one hour, responsively to the signal,
compare the breathing pattern to a baseline breathing pattern of the subject having a duration of at least one hour,
at least in part responsively to the comparison, evaluate an episode of a condition of the subject, and
drive the output module to generate an output responsively to the evaluation.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the breathing pattern includes a breathing rate pattern of the subject, and
wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode responsively to comparing the breathing rate pattern to a baseline breathing rate pattern of the subject.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the condition includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode by evaluating an episode of the COPD.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the condition includes cystic fibrosis (CF), and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode by evaluating an episode of the CF.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the condition includes congestive heart failure (CHF), and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode by evaluating an episode of the CHF.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the condition includes epilepsy, and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode by evaluating an episode of the epilepsy.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the breathing sensor comprises an acoustic sensor, configured to sense a breathing-related sound caused by wheezing, and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode responsively to an aspect of the breathing-related sound.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the breathing sensor comprises a motion sensor, configured to sense breathing-related body motion of the subject indicative of the breathing, and wherein the control unit is configured to determine the breathing pattern by:
analyzing the body motion data to determine a breathing-related movement pattern, and
determining the breathing pattern responsively to the breathing-related movement pattern.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the condition includes asthma, and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode by evaluating an episode of the asthma.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the breathing sensor is configured to sense the breathing of the subject, by sensing the breathing without requiring subject compliance during the sensing.
11. The apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the breathing sensor is configured to sense the breathing of the subject, by sensing the breathing without contacting the subject or clothes the subject is wearing.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to identify an onset of the episode.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein the control unit is configured to identify the onset responsively to the breathing pattern and responsively to breathing of the subject during at least one non-symptomatic period.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to monitor a progression of the episode.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to predict an onset of the episode.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the baseline breathing pattern is characterized by a segmented, monotonic decline in breathing rate over at least one hour, and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode by identifying at least one difference between the sensed breathing pattern and the baseline breathing pattern selected from the group consisting of: an attenuation of a decline in the sensed breathing rate pattern vs. the baseline breathing rate pattern, and a transformation of the decline to an increase in the sensed breathing rate pattern vs. the baseline breathing rate pattern.
17. Apparatus comprising:
a sensor, configured to:
sense a cyclic physiological parameter of a subject,
generate a signal responsively thereto;
an output module; and
a control unit, configured to:
receive the signal,
analyze the signal to identify a slow trend rate pattern, having a duration of at least one hour,
compare the breathing pattern to a baseline slow trend rate pattern of the physiological parameter of the subject,
at least in part responsively to the comparison, evaluate an episode of a condition of the subject, and
drive the output module to generate an output responsively to the evaluation.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the control unit is configured to monitor a progression of an episode of a condition responsively to the comparison.
19. The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the control unit is configured to detect an episode of a condition responsively to the comparison.
20. The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the control unit is configured to predict an episode of a condition responsively to the comparison.
21. The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the control unit is configured to identify that the sensed slow trend rate pattern is characterized by a rate that is greater than rate of the baseline slow trend rate pattern.
22. The apparatus according to claim 17 , wherein the sensor is configured to sense breathing of the subject, and wherein the slow trend rate pattern includes a breathing rate pattern.
23. The apparatus according to claim 22 , wherein the sensor is configured to sense the breathing by performing at least one type of sensing selected from the group consisting of: (a) sensing the breathing without contacting the subject or clothes the subject is wearing, and (b) sensing the breathing without requiring subject compliance during the sensing.
24. The apparatus according to claim 22 , wherein the control unit is configured to identify that the sensed breathing rate pattern is characterized by a breathing rate that is greater than a breathing rate of the baseline breathing rate pattern.
25. The apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein the baseline breathing rate pattern is characterized by a segmented, monotonic decline in the breathing rate over at least one hour, and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode by identifying at least one difference between the sensed breathing rate pattern and the baseline breathing pattern selected from the group consisting of: an attenuation of a decline in the sensed breathing rate pattern vs. the baseline breathing rate pattern, and a transformation of the decline to an increase in the sensed breathing rate pattern vs. the baseline breathing rate pattern.
26. Apparatus comprising:
a breathing sensor, configured to:
sense breathing of a subject, generate a signal responsively thereto;
an output module; and
a control unit, configured to:
receive the signal,
analyze the signal to identify a breathing rate pattern having a duration of at least one hour,
compare the breathing pattern to a baseline breathing pattern of the subject having a duration of at least one hour,
at least in part responsively to the comparison, evaluate an episode of a condition of the subject, and
drive the output module to generate an output responsively to the evaluation.
27. The apparatus according to claim 26 , wherein the duration is several hours, and wherein the control unit is configured to analyze the signal to identify the breathing rate pattern having the duration of several hours.
28. The apparatus according to claim 26 , wherein the breathing rate pattern includes a cyclic breathing rate variability pattern, and wherein the control unit is configured to analyze the signal to identify the cyclic breathing rate variability pattern.
29. The apparatus according to claim 26 , wherein the sensor is configured to sense the breathing by performing at least one type of sensing selected from the group consisting of: (a) sensing the breathing without contacting the subject or clothes the subject is wearing, and (b) sensing the breathing without requiring subject compliance during the sensing.
30. The apparatus according to claim 26 , wherein the control unit is configured to monitor a progression of an episode of a condition responsively to the analysis.
31. The apparatus according to claim 26 , wherein the control unit is configured to predict an episode of a condition responsively to the analysis.
32. The apparatus according to claim 26 , wherein the control unit is configured to detect an episode of a condition responsively to the analysis.
33. The apparatus according to claim 26 , wherein the baseline breathing pattern is characterized by a segmented, monotonic decline in breathing rate over at least one hour, and wherein the control unit is configured to evaluate the episode by identifying at least one difference between the sensed breathing pattern and the baseline breathing pattern selected from the group consisting of: an attenuation of a decline in the sensed breathing rate pattern vs. the baseline breathing rate pattern, and a transformation of the decline to an increase in the sensed breathing rate pattern vs. the baseline breathing rate pattern.
34. Apparatus, comprising:
a breathing sensor, configured to:
sense breathing of a subject, by performing at least one type of sensing selected from the group consisting of: (a) sensing the breathing without contacting the subject or clothes the subject is wearing, and (b) sensing the breathing without requiring subject compliance during the sensing, and
generate a signal responsively thereto;
an output module; and
a control unit, configured to:
receive the signal,
determine at least one breathing amplitude pattern of the subject responsively to the signal,
at least in part responsively to the breathing amplitude pattern, assess a progression of a condition of the subject, and
drive the output module to generate an output responsively to the assessment.
35. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the at least one breathing amplitude pattern includes a Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR) breathing pattern, and wherein the control unit is configured to determine the CSR breathing pattern.
36. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the control unit is configured to identify a worsening of the condition responsively to the signal.