Two spiral stepped friction stir welding tool
A method of selecting a geometry for a friction stirring tool, said tool having a melting point that is higher than the workpiece material, wherein the tool is placed in motion against the workpiece to generate heat in the workpiece such that workpiece material is transported in surface features of the tool, and wherein surface features manage workpiece material flow around the tool, and wherein the tool can be used in friction stir processing, friction stir mixing, friction stir welding, and friction stir spot welding of high melting temperature materials or high softening temperature materials.
1. A tool for solid state processing of high softening temperature materials (HSTM), said tool comprising:
a cylindrical shank;
a shoulder disposed on a working end of the shank;
a pin disposed co-axially on the shoulder;
a working surface of the tool comprising PCBN; and
wherein at least one surface feature is disposed on the tool, and comprises at least a first protruding step on a surface of the shoulder that spirals from a first point at an outer portion of the shoulder towards the pin and a second protruding step on the surface of the shoulder that spirals from a second point at the outer portion of the shoulder towards the pin, the first protruding step and the second protruding step in direct contact with one another to thereby form contiguous steps spiraling across the surface of the shoulder and ascending from the shoulder to the pin.
2. The tool as defined in claim 1 wherein the pin is formed with a stepped spiral.
3. The tool as defined in claim 1 wherein the at least a first protruding step on a surface of the shoulder that spirals from an outer portion of the shoulder towards the pin spirals about the same axis as the protruding pin.