Well treating materials comprising coated proppants, and methods
View Patent ↗The present invention is directed to an improved thermoplastic material-coated particulate composition useful for hydraulic fracturing treatments, gravel packing for sand control or other well formation treatments and especially the related methods of its use and is particularly directed to using a thermoplastic material as part of a particulate composition in a method for enhancing the stabilization of and reducing particulate flowback and fines transport in a well formation.
1. A coated proppant comprising:
(a) a particle;
(b) an inner thermoplastic coating on the particle, the thermoplastic coating comprising a hot melt adhesive; and
(c) an outer thermoset coating surrounding and completely encasing the inner thermoplastic coating comprising the hot melt adhesive.
2. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the particle is a sand, a naturally occurring mineral fiber, a ceramic, a bauxite, a glass, a metal bead, or a walnut hull.
3. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the particle is a porous ceramic or porous polymer particle.
4. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the particle has a mesh size between about 8 and about 100, based on the U.S. Standard Sieve Series.
5. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the hot melt adhesive has a thermal transition point temperature in the range of about 30 to about 120° C.
6. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the hot melt adhesive has a thermal transition point temperature in the range of about 60 to about 100° C.
7. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the hot melt adhesive comprises a pine rosin or a rosin ester.
8. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic coating is from about 1% to about 8% by weight of the particle.
9. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic coating on the particle has a thickness in a range from about 0.5 to about 3 mils.
10. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the thermoset coating comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin.
11. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the thermoset coating comprises a mixture of a phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin and a crosslinking agent.
12. The coated proppant of claim 11 , wherein the cross-linking agent is hexamine.
13. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the thermoset coating is from about 1% to about 4% by weight of the thermoplastic-coated particle.
14. The coated proppant of claim 1 , wherein the thermoset coating surrounding the inner thermoplastic coating has a thickness in a range from about 0.5 to about 3 mils.
15. A coated proppant comprising:
(a) a particle;
(b) an inner thermoplastic coating on the particle, wherein the thermoplastic coating comprises a pine rosin or a rosin ester; and
(c) an outer thermoset coating surrounding the inner thermoplastic coating, wherein the thermoset coating comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resole resin or a mixture of a phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin and a crosslinking agent.
16. The coated proppant of claim 15 , wherein the thermoplastic coating comprises a glycerol rosin ester or a pentaerythritol rosin ester.
17. A method of making the coated proppant of claim 15 , the method comprising:
(a) applying the inner thermoplastic coating onto the particle to obtain a thermoplastic-coated particle; and
(b) applying an outer thermoset coating surrounding the thermoplastic-coated particle to obtain the coated proppant.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the thermoplastic coating comprises a glycerol rosin ester or a pentaerythritol rosin ester.
19. A method of using the coated proppant of claim 15 to treat a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
(a) introducing a fluid suspension of the coated proppants to the subterranean formation;
(b) depositing the coated proppants in the subterranean formation;
(c) subjecting the coated proppants to an increase in temperature and pressure sufficient to break the outer thermoset coating to expose the inner thermoplastic coating; and
(d) agglomerating the thermoplastic coating of the coated proppants to form a stable framework of proppant particles.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the thermoplastic coating comprises a glycerol rosin ester or a pentaerythritol rosin ester.
21. A coated proppant comprising:
(a) a particle;
(b) an inner thermoplastic coating on the particle, the thermoplastic coating capable of developing a tacky character at a temperature encountered in a subterranean formation; and
(c) an outer thermoset coating surrounding and completely enveloping the inner thermoplastic coating such that only upon fracturing of the outer thermoset coating is any tackiness developed by the inner thermoplastic coating exposed.
22. The coated proppant of claim 21 , wherein the particle is a sand, a naturally occurring mineral fiber, a ceramic, a bauxite, a glass, a metal bead, or a walnut hull.
23. The coated proppant of claim 21 , wherein the particle is a porous ceramic or porous polymer particle.
24. The coated proppant of claim 21 , wherein the thermoplastic coating has a thermal transition point temperature in the range of about 30 to about 120° C.
25. The coated proppant of claim 24 , wherein the thermoplastic coating is from about 1% to about 8% by weight of the particle.
26. The coated proppant of claim 25 , wherein the thermoset coating comprises a phenol-formaldehyde resin.
27. The coated proppant of claim 26 , wherein the thermoset coating surrounding the inner thermoplastic coating has a thickness in a range from about 0.5 to about 3 mils.
28. The coated proppant of claim 25 , wherein the thermoset coating comprises a mixture of a phenol-formaldehyde novolac resin and a crosslinking agent.
29. The coated proppant of claim 28 , wherein the cross-linking agent is hexamine.
30. The coated proppant of claim 28 , wherein the thermoset coating surrounding the inner thermoplastic coating has a thickness in a range from about 0.5 to about 3 mils.