Alkali/transition metal phosphates and related electrode active materials
View Patent ↗Electrode active materials comprising lithium or other alkali metals, a transition metal, and a phosphate or similar moiety, of the formula: A a+x M b P 1-x Si x O 4 wherein (a) A is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, and mixtures thereof, and 0<a<1.0 and 0≦x≦1; (b) M comprises one or more metals, comprising at least one metal which is capable of undergoing oxidation to a higher valence state, where 0<b≦2; and wherein M, a, b, and x are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality of said compound.
1. A battery, comprising:
a first electrode comprising an electrode active material represented by the formula
A a M′M″ (1-a)/2 PO 4 ,
wherein:
A is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, and mixtures thereof, where 0<a<1.0;
(ii) M′ comprises one or more +2 oxidation state metals, comprising at least one metal which is capable of undergoing oxidation to a higher valence state; and
(iii) M″ comprises one or more +2 oxidation state metals;
the battery further comprising a second electrode; and
an electrolyte for transferring ions between the first electrode and the second electrode.
2. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein A is Li.
3. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein M′ is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and mixtures thereof.
4. The battery according to claim 3 , wherein M′ is Fe.
5. The battery according to claim 3 , wherein M″ comprises a +2 oxidation state non-transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Pb, Cd, Sn, Ba, Be, and mixtures thereof.
6. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein M″ comprises a +2 oxidation state non-transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zn, Ba, and mixtures thereof.
7. The battery according to claim 5 , wherein A is Li.
8. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein M″ comprises a +2 oxidation state non-transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Pb, Cd, Sn, Ba, Be, and mixtures thereof.
9. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein M″ comprises a +2 oxidation state non-transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zn, Ba, and mixtures thereof.
10. The battery according to claim 8 , wherein A is Li.
11. The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the second electrode comprises an intercalation material selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, metal chalcogenide, carbon, graphite, and mixtures thereof.
12. The battery according to claim 11 , wherein the intercalation material is graphite.
13. The battery according to claim 11 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropylcarbonate (DPC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), butylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, triglyme, tetraglyme, lactones, esters, dimethylsulfoxide, dioxolane, sulfolane, and mixtures thereof.
14. The battery according to claim 13 , wherein the solvent further comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiB(C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiBr, and mixtures thereof.
15. The battery according to claim 11 , wherein M′ is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and mixtures thereof.
16. The battery according to claim 15 , wherein M″ comprises a +2 oxidation state non-transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr, Pb, Cd, Sn, Ba, Be, and mixtures thereof.
17. The battery according to claim 16 , wherein the intercalation material is graphite.