Process for making a high heat polymer fiber
View Patent ↗Various embodiments of a process for making fibers comprising a high heat polymer are provided. In one embodiment, a process for producing polymer fiber includes extruding molten polymer having a melt temperature ranging from about 180-500° C., passing the molten polymer through a plurality of openings of a spinneret to produce a fiber bundle, and contacting the fiber bundle with a cooling medium having a substantially uniform flow distribution across the width of the fiber bundle where the cooling medium has a temperature that ranges from about 0° C. to about 80° C.
1. A process for producing polymer fiber comprising:
melting a polymer having a melt temperature that ranges from about 300° C. to about 425° C. to produce a molten polymer;
filtering the polymer through a screen having screen hole openings, wherein the size of the hole openings of the screen are at least about 15 microns;
passing the molten polymer through a spinneret comprising a plurality of about 60 to about 850 hole openings, said spinneret having at least three regions two of which have a different hole density than the first to produce a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers having at least two cross-sectional regions of different polymer fiber density, and the region that has a relatively lower polymer filament density reduces heat build-up within the fiber bundle; and
contacting the fiber bundle with a cooling medium to provide a uniform velocity distribution of cooling medium across the path of the fiber bundle as it emerges from the spinneret, the cooling medium having a temperature that ranges from about 0° C. to about 80° C.
wherein the polymer comprises polyetherimide and
wherein the fiber bundle comprises a cross-sectional first region surrounding a cross-sectional second region, and a cross sectional third region, the second region and third region having a fiber density that is less than the fiber density of the first region.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fibers of the fiber bundle are cooled at a substantially even cooling rate.
3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising directing the cooling medium toward the fiber bundle through a cooling zone as the cooling medium contacts the fiber bundle, and wherein the width of the cooling zone is up to about 20% greater than the size of the bundle width.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the size of the cooling zone width is substantially equal to the size of the bundle width.
5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the cooling medium is directed between a first flow guide and a second flow guide separated by a distance that defines the cooling zone width, and the first flow guide and the second flow guide are positioned at a location between a source of cooling medium and the fiber bundle.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the first flow guide and the second flow guide which define the cooling zone width are positioned substantially along the leading edge of the fiber bundle.
7. The process of claim 5 , wherein:
the cooling medium flows through a rectifier and flows between a first sidewall and a second sidewall which extend from the rectifier alongside the fiber bundle; and
the first flow guide and the second flow guide protrude from the first opposing sidewall and the second opposing sidewall, respectively.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling medium is a gas.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the gas is air.
10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the fiber bundle is contacted by a gaseous cooling medium having a velocity that ranges from about 0.01 to about 10 meters per second.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fiber output rate ranges from about 100 meters per minute to about 5000 meters per minute.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises polyetherimide having a melt index that ranges from about 1 gram/10 minutes to about 8 grams/10 minutes per ASTM D1238.
13. The process of claim 1 , further comprising providing a quench air entrance on one side of a fiber bundle drawing a vacuum on the side of the fiber bundle opposite the quench air entrance to increase the cross-flow of cooling medium passing through the fiber bundle.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the area of the cross-sectional second region is less than the area of the cross-sectional first region.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fiber density of the second region is zero.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fiber has a tenacity of at least about 0.5 g/denier or greater according to ASTM 2256-97.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fiber has an elongation at break of at least 10% according to ASTM-02256-97.
18. The process of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining a uniform and constant pressure on an inside surface of the spinneret.
19. A process for producing polymer fiber, the process comprising:
melting a polymer having a melt temperature that ranges from about 300° C. to about 425° to produce a molten polymer;
filtering the polymer through a screen having screen hole openings, wherein the size of the hole openings of the screen are at least about 15 microns, then;
passing the molten polymer through a spinneret comprising a plurality of about 100 to about 800 hole openings, said spinneret having at least three regions two of which have a different hole density than the first to produce a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers having at least two cross-sectional regions of different polymer fiber density, and the region that has a relatively lower polymer filament density reduces heat build-up within the fiber bundle; and
wherein the fiber bundle comprises a cross-sectional first region surrounding a cross-sectional second region and a cross-sectional third region, the cross-sectional second region and third region having a fiber density that is less than the fiber density of the cross-sectional first region and
wherein the polymer comprises polyetherimide.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the area of the cross-sectional second region is less than the area of the cross-sectional first region.
21. The process of claim 19 , wherein the area of the cross-sectional second region is at least about 5% of the area of the cross-sectional first region.
22. The process of claim 19 , wherein the fiber density of the cross-sectional second region is less than about 90% of the fiber density of the first region.
23. The process of claim 19 , wherein the fiber density of the cross-sectional second region is zero.
24. The process of claim 19 , wherein the number of fibers in the fiber bundle ranges from 50 to 1000.
25. The process of claim 19 , wherein the polymer fiber density of the third region is less than about 90% of the fiber density of the first region.
26. The process of claim 19 , wherein the fiber density of the third region is zero.
27. The process of claim 19 , wherein the area of the third region is at least about 5% of the area of the first region.
28. The process of claim 19 , wherein the polymer filaments of the first region are substantially evenly spaced apart.
29. The process of claim 19 , wherein the polymer filaments of the first region are irregularly spaced apart.
30. The process of claim 19 , wherein the cross-sectional second region is substantially circular in shape.
31. The process of claim 19 , wherein the pressure exerted by the polymer on the spinneret is substantially uniform across the inside surface of the spinneret.
32. The process of claim 19 , wherein the polymer comprises polyetherimide having a melt index that ranges from about 1.5 grams/10 minutes to about 2.5 grams/10 minutes.
33. The process of claim 19 , wherein the polymer comprises at least 50% polyetherimide.
34. The process of claim 19 , wherein the polymer comprises at least 99% polyetherimide.
35. The process of claim 19 , further comprising contacting the fiber bundle with a cooling medium having a substantially uniform flow distribution across a bundle width of the fiber bundle as it emerges from the spinneret, the cooling medium having a temperature that ranges from about 0° C. to about 80° C.
36. The process of claim 35 , wherein the cooling medium is a gas.
37. The process of claim 36 wherein the gas is air.
38. The process of claim 35 , wherein the velocity of the cooling medium directed toward the fiber bundle ranges from 0.01 meters per second to 10 meters per second.
39. The process of claim 35 , wherein the cooling medium is directed toward the fiber bundle through a cooling zone as it contacts the fiber bundle, and the width of the cooling zone is up to 10% greater than the size of the bundle width.
40. The process of claim 39 , wherein the size of the cooling zone width is substantially equal to the size of the bundle width.
41. The process of claim 19 , wherein the diameter of the fibers of the fiber bundle can range from 0.00001 millimeters to 2 millimeters.
42. The process of claim 19 , wherein the fiber has a tenacity of at least about 0.5 g/denier or greater according to ASTM 2256-97.
43. The process of claim 19 , wherein the fiber has an elongation at break of at least 10% according to ASTM-02256-97.
44. The process of claim 19 , wherein the fiber output rate ranges from about 100 meters per minute to about 5000 meters per minute.
45. The process of claim 19 , wherein the cooling medium flowing through the fiber bundle has a temperature that ranges from about 10° C. to about 24° C.
46. The process of claim 35 , wherein flow direction of the cooling medium flow is in the direction that is transverse to the path of travel of the fiber bundle as it emerges from the spinneret.