Method of attaching soft tissue to bone
A method of attaching or reattaching a ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue to a bone mass has the steps of: positioning or placing the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue adjacent to the bone mass; anchoring or otherwise fastening the ligament, tendon, cartilage or soft tissue to the bone mass; and transmitting shock waves to the ligament, tendon or other soft tissue and the bone mass. Preferably the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue is positioned in the path of the emitted shock waves and away from geometric focal volume or point of the emitted shock waves. The shock waves may be transmitted during the surgical procedure or post operatively in one or more treatment dosages or both. In so treating the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue should be positioned at a distance away from any geometric focal point to minimize hemorrhaging. The soft tissue may include cartilage or muscle tissue. In the case of cartilage, the tissue can be inserted into a bone mass prepared cavity and optionally anchored there by a covering bone plug.
1. The method of attaching or reattaching a ligament, tendon or other soft tissues to a bone mass comprises the steps of:
positioning or placing the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue in or adjacent to the bone mass;
anchoring or otherwise fastening the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue to the bone mass;
transmitting pressure pulses including very fast pressure pulses called acoustic shock waves to the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue and the bone mass from a pressure pulse shock wave generator or source wherein the pressure pulses or acoustic shock waves are acoustic pulses which includes several cycles of positive and negative pressure, wherein the pressure pulse has an amplitude of the positive part of such a cycle above 0.1 MPa and the time duration of pressure pulse cycle is from 1 microsecond (μs) to a second (s), rise times to the peak pressure of the positive part of the first pressure cycle is in the range of 1 nano-second (ns) to 1 milli-second (ms), the acoustic shock waves being very fast pressure pulses having amplitudes of the positive part of the cycle similarly above 0.1 MPa but with rise times to a peak pressure of the positive part of the amplitude being below 100 ns, the duration of the shock wave is below 3 μs for the positive part of a cycle and above 1 μs for the negative part of a cycle; and
subjecting the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue and the bone mass to convergent, divergent, planar or near planar acoustic shock waves or pressure pulses in the absence of a focal point impinging the soft tissue and bone mass stimulating a cellular response in the absence of creating cavitation bubbles evidenced by not experiencing the sensation of cellular hemorrhaging caused by the emitted waves or pulses in the soft tissue wherein the cellular soft tissue is positioned within a path of the emitted shock waves or pressure pulses and away from any localized geometric focal volume or point of the emitted shock waves wherein the emitted shock waves or pressure pulses either have no geometric focal volume or point or have a focal volume or point ahead of the cellular soft tissue or beyond the cellular soft tissue thereby passing the emitted waves through the cellular soft tissue while avoiding having any localized focal point within the cellular soft tissue wherein the pressure pulse shock wave generator or source is based on electro-hydraulic, electromagnetic, piezoceramic or ballistic wave generation having an energy density value ranging from 0.00001 mJ/mrn 2 to 1.0 mJ/mrn 2 .
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pressure pulses or acoustic shock waves are transmitted during the surgical procedure after anchoring or otherwise fastening the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the pressure pulses or acoustic_shock waves are transmitted post operatively in one or more treatment dosages.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the transmitted pressure pulses or acoustic shock waves are divergent or near planar or wherein the emitted shock waves are convergent having a geometric focal volume or point at a distance of at least X from a generator or source, the method further comprising positioning the ligament, tendon, cartilage or other soft tissue at a distance less than the distance X from the source.