ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
An organic light emitting diode (OLED) includes a substrate, a first electrode layer, an organic emitting layer, a second electrode layer, and an electron injection layer, in which the electron injection layer is selected from an electron injection layer made from organic molecules, an electron injection layer with nano-grade thickness, or an electron injection layer having dipole moment organic molecules with nano-grade thickness. By utilizing the conformation of the electron injection layer, an OLED having stable operation can be achieved.
1 . An organic light emitting diode, comprising:
a substrate;
a first electrode layer, disposed on the substrate;
an organic emitting layer, disposed on the first electrode layer;
a second electrode layer, disposed on the organic emitting layer; and
an electron injection layer, disposed between the second electrode layer and the organic emitting layer, the electron injection layer comprises high polymers or micromolecular organic materials, wherein the high polymers satisfy one of the following conditions:
(a) comprising aromatic groups or fused aromatic groups on a side chain;
(b) comprising C—O bonds on a main chain or on a side chain;
(c) comprising Si—O bonds on a main chain or on a side chain; and the micromolecular organic materials satisfy one of the following conditions:
(d) comprising fused aromatic groups;
(e) comprising C—O bonds; and
(f) comprising multi-F group compound.
2 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the high polymers satisfy the condition (a) comprise: formula (A); and a material selected from the group consisting of formula (B), formula (C), and formula (D):
wherein formula (B) comprises phenyl of an electron accepting group, formula (C) comprises naphthyl, and formula (D) comprises anthracenyl of electron accepting group.
3 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the high polymers satisfy the condition (b) comprise an ether group or an ester group.
4 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 3 , wherein the high polymers satisfy the condition (b) are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylate, polyglycol, polycarbonate, poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinyl acetate.
5 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the higher polymers satisfy the condition (c) comprises siloxane.
6 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 5 , wherein the higher polymers satisfy the condition (c) comprises poly(dimethyl siloxane).
7 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the micromolecular organic materials satisfy the condition (d) comprise fullerene (C60;70 derivative) or cyanine dye.
8 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the micromolecular organic materials satisfy the condition (e) are selected from the group consisting of acetate and metal complex.
9 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 8 , wherein acetate comprises metal acetate complex.
10 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 8 , wherein metal complex comprises ether metal complex or metal olefine complex.
11 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the micromolecular organic materials satisfy the condition (f) comprise metal fluoride or fluoride compound.
12 . An organic light emitting diode, comprising:
a substrate;
a first electrode layer, disposed on the substrate;
an organic emitting layer, disposed on the first electrode layer;
a second electrode layer, disposed on the organic emitting layer; and
a nano-grade electron injection layer including organic molecules with dipole moments, disposed between the second electrode layer and the organic emitting layer.
13 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 12 , wherein the thickness of the nano-grade electron injection layer including organic molecules with dipole moments is less than 20 nanometers.
14 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 12 or claim 13 , wherein the nano-grade electron injection layer including organic molecules with dipole moments comprises high polymers or micromolecular organic materials, wherein the high polymers satisfy one of the following conditions:
(a) comprising aromatic groups or fused aromatic groups on a side chain;
(b) comprising C—O bonds on a main chain or on a side chain;
(c) comprising Si—O bonds on a main chain or on a side chain; and the micromolecular organic materials satisfy one of the following conditions:
(d) comprising fused aromatic groups;
(e) comprising C—O bonds; and
(f) comprising multi-F group compound.
15 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 14 , wherein the high polymers satisfy the condition (a) comprise: formula (A); and a material selected from the group consisting of formula (B), formula (C), and formula (D):
wherein formula (B) comprises phenyl of an electron accepting group, formula (C) comprises naphthyl, and formula (D) comprises anthracenyl of electron accepting group.
16 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 14 , wherein the high polymers satisfy the condition (b) comprise an ether group or an ester group.
17 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 16 , wherein the high polymers satisfy the condition (b) are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylate, polyglycol, polycarbonate, poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinyl acetate.
18 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 14 , wherein the higher polymers satisfy the condition (c) comprises siloxane.
19 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 18 , wherein the higher polymers satisfy the condition (c) comprises poly(dimethyl siloxane).
20 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 14 , wherein the micromolecular organic materials satisfy the condition (d) comprise fullerene (C60;70 derivative) or cyanine dye.
21 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 14 , wherein the micromolecular organic materials satisfy the condition (e) are selected from the group consisting of acetate and metal complex.
22 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 21 , wherein acetate comprises metal acetate complex.
23 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 21 , wherein metal complex comprises ether metal complex or metal olefine complex.
24 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 14 , wherein the micromolecular organic materials satisfy the condition (f) comprise metal fluoride or fluoride compound.
25 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 or claim 12 , wherein the organic emitting layer comprises poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phynylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) or tris(8-hydroxylquinoline)aluminum (Alq3).
26 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 or claim 12 , wherein the second electrode layer comprises aluminum.
27 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 or claim 12 , wherein the first electrode layer comprises indium tin oxide (ITO).
28 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 or claim 12 further comprising a hole transport layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the organic emitting layer.
29 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 28 , wherein the hole transport layer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):poly styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS).
30 . The organic light emitting diode of claim 1 or claim 12 , wherein the substrate comprises a glass substrate or a flexible substrate.