Topical Delivery with a Carrier Fluid
Aerosol spray formulations capable of delivering high concentrations of active agent-containing materials and/or excipient are described herein. The formulation contains a carrier fluid, a propellant, and a therapeutic, prophylactic, consmeticeutical and/or inert solid suspended, dissolved, or dispersed in the formulation. The active ingredient may be any pharmaceutically active agent, but is preferably an antibiotic, an antihistamine, an anesthetic, an anti-inflammatory, and/or an astringent. In one embodiment, the active agent is an antifungal agent. In another embodiment, the active agent is a consmeticeutical. The active agent can optionally be dispersed on, or associated with, a carrier powder. The carrier fluid is a highly volatile silicone liquid, which evaporates in less than 10 minutes, preferably less than 5 minutes, after application of the formulation to the patient's skin. The formulation may also contain one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as antioxidants, stabilizers, perfumes, colorants, viscosifiers, emulsifiers, surfactants, and combinations thereof. The formulation can be packaged in a conventional aerosol spray can.
1 . A formulation for topical administration, the formulation comprising:
a particulate material,
a volatile carrier fluid comprising one or more high volatility silicones, and
an aerosol propellant.
2 . The formulation of claim 1 , comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
3 . The formulation of claim 2 wherein the carrier is a particulate material selected from the group consisting of crystalline or amorphous particulate non-ionic non-organic compounds, inorganic salts, organic salts, insoluble natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic polymers, charcoal, organic resins, and mixtures thereof.
4 . The formulation of claim 3 wherein the carrier is an inorganic or organic salt of an anion selected from the group consisting of silicates, borosilicates, carbonates, sulfates, aluminates, aluminosilicates, titanates, phosphates, and combinations thereof.
5 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the carrier fluid contains one or more highly volatile silicones in a concentration from about 50% to about 100% by weight of the carrier fluid.
6 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the carrier fluid comprises at least one volatile compound which, when administered to the skin, evaporates sufficiently in less than about 10 minutes at body surface temperature to render the particulate material immobile on the skin.
7 . The formulation of claim 6 wherein the particulate material is evenly dispersed in the carrier fluid.
8 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the carrier fluid has a boiling point in the range of about 10° C. to about 160° C.
9 . The formulation of claim 6 wherein the carrier fluid is selected from volatile organic silicones, lower alcohols, glycols, lower ketones, lower alkyl esters and ethers, medium alkanes and unsaturated alkanes, dioxane, N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, halogenated derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.
10 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the carrier fluid is a volatile organic silicone selected from the group consisting of hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, and combinations thereof.
11 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the aerosol propellant is selected from the group consisting of alkane gases, alkylene gases, volatile hydrofluoroalkanes, and combinations thereof.
12 . The formulation of claim 11 wherein the aerosol propellant further comprises one or more of compressed gases and co-solvents.
13 . The formulation of claim comprising an active agent.
14 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the particulate material comprises an active agent selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, antihistamines, antifungals, local anesthetics anti-inflammatory medications, and combinations thereof.
15 . The formulation of claim 14 wherein the particulate material comprises an antibiotic.
16 . The formulation of claim 15 wherein the antibiotic is an antifungal and comprises one or more of amphotericin, amorolfine, bacitracin, bifonazole, bromochlorosalicyanilide, buclosamide, butenafine, butoconazole, candicidin, chlordantoin, chlormidazole, chlorphensin, chlorxylenol, ciclopirox olamine, cilofungin, clotrimazole, croconazole, eberconazole, econazole, enilconazole, fenticlor, fenticonazole, fluconazole, flucytosine, griseofulvin, hachimycin, haloprogin, hydroxystilbamine isethionate, iodochlorohydroxyquinone, isoconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lanoconazole, luflucarban, mepartricin, metroconazole, metronidazole, miconazole, naftifine, natamycin, neomycin, neticonazole, nifuroxime, nystatin, omoconazole, oxiconazole, pentamycin, propionic acid, protiofate, pyrrolnitrin, ravuconazole, saperconazole, selenium sulfide, sertaconazole, sulbentine, sulconazole, terbinafine, terconazole, tioconazole, tolciclate, tolnaftate, triacetin, undecenoic acid, voriconazole, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters.
17 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the carrier is from about 15% to about 50% by weight of the formulation, the concentration of the propellant is from about 15% to about 50% by weight of the formulation, and the concentration of the carrier fluid is from about 10% to about 60% of by weight of the formulation and the concentration.
18 . The formulation of claim 13 , further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients in a concentration less than about 20% by weight of the formulation.
19 . The formulation of claim 1 comprising:
one or more pharmaceutically active agents selected form the group consisting of nystatin, miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, tolnaftate and butenafine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof,
a carrier for the pharmaceutically active ingredient(s),
a carrier fluid, and
a pharmaceutically-acceptable propellant,
wherein the concentration of the carrier is from about 15% to about 45% by weight of the formulation, the concentration of the carrier fluid is at least about 10% by weight of the formulation, and the concentration of the propellant is from about 20% to about 60% by weight of the formulation, and
wherein the carrier fluid comprises at least about 50% by weight of one or more highly volatile silicones.
20 . The formulation of claim 19 comprising a USP-grade nystatin/talc composition having about 100,000 units of nystatin per gram of talc, wherein the concentration of the nystatin/talc composition is from about 15% to about 45% by weight of the formulation.
21 . The formulation of claim 19 wherein the propellant is selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, and combinations thereof.
22 . The formulation of claim 17 wherein the carrier fluid comprises one or both of hexamethyldisiloxane and octamethyltrisiloxane.
23 . The formulation of claim 19 , the formulation comprising:
a USP-grade nystatin/talc composition having about 100,000 units of nystatin per gram of talc, wherein the concentration of the nystatin/talc composition is from about 15% to about 45% by weight of the formulation,
a volatile silicone comprising hexamethyldisolaxane, octamethyltrisiloxane, and combinations thereof, wherein the concentration of the volatile silicone is from about 10% to about 35% by weight of the formulation; and
a propellant comprising tetrafluoroethane.
24 . The formulation of claim 23 further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, wherein the concentration of the excipients is less than ten percent by weight of the formulation.
25 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the pharmaceutical plus the carrier to the carrier fluid plus the propellant is in the range of about 45:55 to about 20:80.
26 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein the carrier comprises about 15% to about 45% of the composition, the carrier fluid comprises about 15 to about 40% of the composition, the propellant comprises about 15% to about 40% of the composition, and up to about 10% of the composition comprises excipients, all by weight.
27 . The formulation of claim 1 wherein a particulate material is selected from the group consisting of iodine, cadexomer, cadexomer iodine, silver, and pharmaceutically acceptable silver salts.
28 . An aerosol container comprising the formulation of claim 1.