Systems and methods for on-line marker-less camera calibration using a position tracking system

1. A system facilitating on-line calibration of an imaging camera, the system comprising:

a first sensor positioned with respect to an imager;

a second sensor positioned with respect to a camera source;

a transmitter positioned with respect to an object to be imaged;

wherein a first off-line calibration characterizes a transformation from a coordinate system of the imager to a coordinate system of the first sensor positioned with respect to the imager and a second off-line calibration characterizes a transformation from a coordinate system of the camera source to a coordinate system of the second sensor positioned with respect to the camera source;

wherein intrinsic parameters of the camera source are quantified by a transformation from the coordinate system of the imager to the coordinate system of the camera source based on the first and second off-line calibrations and information from the first and second sensors and the transmitter;

wherein at least one of the imager or the camera source are configured to mount to a support member;

wherein the first sensor, the second sensor, and the transmitter are configured to facilitate tracking a deflection of the support member; and

wherein the intrinsic parameters of the camera source are quantified by a transformation Imager T Cam = Imager T Rx2 · Rx2 T Tx · Tx T Rx1 · Rx2 T Cam , wherein Imager T Rx2 is a coordinate system transformation from the coordinate system of the imager to the coordinate system of the first sensor, Rx1 T Cam is a coordinate system transformation from the coordinate system of the camera source to the coordinate system of the second sensor and Rx2 T Tx and Tx T Rx1 are d namic coordinate system transformations provided by tracking information from the first and second sensors and the transmitter.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second sensors and the transmitter comprise a portion of an electromagnetic tracking system.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the support member comprises at least one of a C-arm, an L-arm or an O-arm.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second sensors and the transmitter obtain at least one of position or orientation data for the object.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second off-line calibrations are performed at a single arbitrary camera position.

6. A method for calibration of an imaging system, the method comprising:

characterizing a transformation from a coordinate system of an imager mounted to a support member to a coordinate system of a first sensor positioned with respect to the imager using a first off-line calibration;

characterizing a transformation from a coordinate system of an imaging camera source mounted to the support member to a coordinate system of a second sensor positioned with respect to the imaging camera source using a second off-line calibration;

quantifying intrinsic parameters of the imaging camera source based on a transformation from the coordinate system of the imager to the coordinate system of the imaging camera source based on the first and second off-line calibrations and information from the first and second sensors and a transmitter positioned with respect to an object being imaged;

tracking a deflection of the support member according to tracking data from the first sensor, the second sensor, and the transmitter, and

wherein the quantifying step further comprises quantifying intrinsic parameters of the imaging camera source based a transformation Imager T Cam = Imager T Rx2 · Rx2 T Tx · Tx T Rx1 · Rx2 T Cam , wherein Imager T Rx2 is a coordinate system transformation from the coordinate system of the imager to the coordinate system of the first sensor, Rx1 T Cam is a coordinate system transformation from the coordinate system of the imaging camera source to the coordinate system of the second sensor and Rx2 T Tx and Tx T Rx1 are dynamic coordinate system transformations provided by tracking information from the first and second sensors and the transmitter.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the first and second off-line calibrations are performed at a single arbitrary camera position.

8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising modeling the imaging camera source based on the intrinsic parameters.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having a set of instructions for execution on a computer, the set of instructions comprising:

a first transformation routine characterizing a transformation from a coordinate system of an imager mounted to a support member to a coordinate system of a first sensor positioned with respect to the imager using a first off-line calibration;

a second transformation routine characterizing a transformation from a coordinate system of an imaging camera source mounted to the support member to a coordinate system of a second sensor positioned with respect to the imaging camera source using a second off-line calibration;

a camera characterization routine quantifying intrinsic parameters of the imaging camera source based on a transformation from the coordinate system of the imager to the coordinate system of the imaging camera source based on the first and second off-line calibrations and information from the first and second sensors and a transmitter positioned with respect to an object being imaged;

a tracking routine for tracking a deflection of a support member according to tracking data from the first sensor, the second sensor, and the transmitter; and

wherein the camera characterization routine quantifies intrinsic parameters of the imaging camera source based a transformation Imager T Cam = Imager T Rx2 · Rx2 T Tx · Tx T Rx1 · Rx2 T Cam , wherein Imager T Rx2 is a coordinate system transformation from the coordinate system of the imager to the coordinate system of the first sensor, Rx1 T Cam is a coordinate system transformation from the coordinate system of the imaging camera source to the coordinate system of the second sensor and Rx2 T Tx and Tx T Rx1 are dynamic coordinate system transformations provided by tracking information from the first and second sensors and the transmitter.

10. The set of instructions of claim 9 , wherein the first and second off-line calibrations are performed at a single arbitrary camera position.

11. The set of instructions of claim 9 , further comprising a modeling routine for modeling the imaging camera source based on the intrinsic parameters.