Method for extending long-term electrical power cable performance
View Patent ↗An improved method for imparting excellent long-term dielectric performance to an in-service electrical cable section having a stranded conductor surrounded by a conductor shield encased in a polymeric insulation and having an interstitial void volume in the region of the conductor, the cable section having an average operating temperature T. The method comprising injecting a dielectric enhancement fluid composition into the interstitial void volume, the composition comprising at least one component selected from: (1) a water-reactive material selected from an organosilane monomer, the above organosilane monomer wherein at least one of the water-reactive groups has been substituted with a condensable silanol group, an oligomer oligomer of the above organosilane monomer, or a co-oligomer of the above organosilane monomer, the organosilane monomer having a diffusion coefficient at least about 15 times greater than the diffusion coefficient of its corresponding tetramer; (2) a water-reactive material similar to (1) having at least one group attached to silicon comprising 7 to about 20 —CH 2 — units; (3) a non-water-reactive organic material which has a diffusion coefficient of less than about 10 −9 cm 2 /sec and an equilibrium concentration of at least about 0.005 gm/cm 3 in the polymeric insulation, the above mentioned diffusion coefficients and equilibrium concentration being determined at temperature T; or (4) an organic compound having an equilibrium concentration in the polymeric insulation at 55° C. which is less than 2.25 times the equilibrium concentration at 22° C.
1. A method for enhancing the dielectric properties of at least one electrical cable section having a central stranded conductor encased in a polymeric insulation jacket and having an interstitial void volume in the region of the conductor, the cable section having an average operating temperature T, the method comprising:
(a) filling the interstitial void volume with at least one dielectric property-enhancing fluid composition at a pressure below the elastic limit of the polymeric insulation jacket; and
(b) confining the dielectric property-enhancing fluid composition within the interstitial void volume at a residual pressure greater than about 50 psig, the pressure being imposed along the entire length of the section and being below the elastic limit, wherein the composition comprises at least one component selected from:
(1) a water-reactive material selected from
(i) an organosilane monomer having at least two water-reactive groups,
(ii) the above organosilane monomer (i) wherein at least one of the water-reactive groups has been substituted with a condensable silanol group,
(iii) an oligomer of the above organosilane monomer (i), or
(iv) a co-oligomer of the above organosilane monomer (i),
the organosilane monomer (i) having a diffusion coefficient at least about 15 times greater than the diffusion coefficient of its corresponding tetramer, the diffusion coefficient being determined at temperature T;
(2) a water-reactive material selected from
(i) an organosilane monomer having at least two water-reactive groups,
(ii) the above organosilane monomer (i) wherein at least one of the water-reactive groups has been substituted with a condensable silanol group,
(iii) an oligomer of the above organosilane monomer (i), or
(iv) a co-oligomer of the above organosilane monomer (i),
the water-reactive material (2) having at least one group attached to silicon comprising 7 to about 20 —CH 2 — units;
(3) a non-water-reactive organic material which has a diffusion coefficient of less than about 10 −9 cm 2 /sec and an equilibrium concentration of at least about 0.005 gm/cm 3 in the polymeric insulation, the diffusion coefficient and the equilibrium concentration being determined at temperature T; or
(4) an organic compound having an equilibrium concentration in the polymeric insulation at 55° C. which is less than 2.25 times the equilibrium concentration at 22° C.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the component is selected from an alkoxy-functional organosilane monomer or an enoloxy-functional organosilane monomer, the monomer having a diffusion coefficient at least about 15 times greater than the diffusion coefficient of its corresponding tetramer.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the component is an organoalkoxysilane.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the dielectric enhancement fluid composition further comprises a condensation catalyst.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the organoalkoxysilane is selected from:
(3-methylphenyl)methyldimethoxysilane,
di(p-tolyl)dimethoxysilane,
(4-methylphenyl)methyldimethoxysilane,
phenethyltrimethoxysilane,
(p-tolylethyl)methyldimethoxysilane,
(p-styrlethyl)trimethoxysilane,
3-(2,4-dinitrophenylamino)propyltriethoxysilane, or
3-(triethoxysilylpropyl) p-nitrobenzamide.
6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the component is selected (p-tolylethyl) methyldimethoxysilane, 3-cyanopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, or
2-cyanobutylmethyldimethoxysilane.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the component is selected from methylphenyl bis(1-phenyl ethenyloxy)silane or methylvinyl bis(1-phenyl ethenyloxy)silane.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the component is selected from an alkoxy-functional organosilane monomer or an enoloxy-functional organosilane monomer, the component having at least one group attached to silicon comprising 7 to about 20 —CH 2 — units.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the component is an organoalkoxysilane monomer and the dielectric enhancement fluid composition further comprises a condensation catalyst.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the organoalkoxysilane is selected from:
phenyloctyldialkoxysilane,
dodecylmethyldialkoxysilane,
n-octadecyldimethylmethoxysilane,
n-decyltriethoxysilane,
dodecylmethyldiethoxysilane,
dodecyltriethoxysilane,
hexadecyltrimethoxysilane,
1-docosenyltriethoxysilane,
n-octyltrimethoxysilane, or
n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the component is a non-water reactive organic material which has a diffusion coefficient of less than about 10 −9 cm 2 /sec and an equilibrium concentration of at least about 0.005 gm/cm 3 in the polymeric insulation.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the component has an equilibrium concentration of at least about 0.01 gm/cm 3 in the polymeric insulation and is selected from a metalocene, a 1,3 diketone, a HALS compound, a triazole, a nickel chelate, or a UV absorbing compound.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the component is selected from ferrocene, n-butylferrocene, octanoyl ferrocene, avobenzone, benzopheonone, octocrylene, menthylanthranilate, an ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid, an n-propyl ester of acetoacetic acid, or a compound selected from the following
bis-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate,
2,4-bis[N-Butyl-N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]-6-(2-hydroxyethylamine)-1,3,5-triazine,
2-docecyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)succinimide,
a mixture of [3-[3-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropyl]-hydroxypoly(oxo-1,2-ethanediyl) and
(3-(3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropyl)-w-(3-(3-(2hbenzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropoxy)poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) and glycol, or
isooctyl 2-[4-[4,6-bis[(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-yl]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-3-hydroxyphenoxy]propanoate.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the component is selected from avobenzone, octocrylene, or menthylanthranilate.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said component is an organic compound having an equilibrium concentration in the polymeric insulation at 55° C. which is less than 2.25 times the equilibrium concentration at 22° C.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the component is ferrocene.
17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the component is selected from
3-cyanopropylmethyldimethoxysilane or 2-cyanobutylmethyldimethoxysilane.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the residual pressure is between about 100 psig and about 1000 psig.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric property-enhancing fluid composition is supplied at a pressure greater than about 50 psig for more than about 2 hours before being confined in the interstitial void volume.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the residual pressure decays to essentially zero psig in a period greater than about 2 hours.
21. A method for enhancing the dielectric properties of at least one electrical cable section having a central stranded conductor encased in a polymeric insulation jacket and having an interstitial void volume in the region of the conductor, the cable section having a flux-weighted operating temperature T flux-avg , the method comprising:
(a) filling the interstitial void volume with at least one dielectric property-enhancing fluid composition at a pressure below the elastic limit of the polymeric insulation jacket; and
(b) confining the dielectric property-enhancing fluid composition within the interstitial void volume at a residual pressure greater than about 50 psig, the pressure being imposed along the entire length of the section and being below the elastic limit, wherein the composition comprises at least one component selected from:
(1) a water-reactive material selected from
(i) an organosilane monomer having at least two water-reactive groups,
(ii) the above organosilane monomer (i) wherein at least one of the water-reactive groups has been substituted with a condensable silanol group,
(iii) an oligomer oligomer of the above organosilane monomer (i), or
(iv) a co-oligomer of the above organosilane monomer (i), the organosilane monomer (i) having a diffusion coefficient at least about 15 times greater than the diffusion coefficient of its corresponding tetramer, the diffusion coefficient being determined at temperature Tflux-avg;
(2) a water-reactive material selected from
(i) an organosilane monomer having at least two water-reactive groups,
(ii) the above organosilane monomer (i) wherein at least one of the water-reactive groups has been substituted with a condensable silanol group,
(iii) an oligomer oligomer of the above organosilane monomer (i), or
(iv) a co-oligomer of the above organosilane monomer (i), said water-reactive material (2) having at least one group attached to silicon comprising 7 to about 20 —CH 2 — units;
(3) a non-water-reactive organic material which has a diffusion coefficient of less than about 10 −9 cm 2 /sec and an equilibrium concentration of at least about 0.005 gm/cm 3 in the polymeric insulation, the diffusion coefficient and the equilibrium concentration being determined at temperature T flux-avg ; or
(4) an organic compound having an equilibrium concentration in the polymeric insulation at 55° C. which is less than 2.25 times the equilibrium concentration at 22° C.
22. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
23. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
24. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
25. The method according to claim 4 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
26. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
27. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
28. The method according to claim 7 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
29. The method according to claim 8 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
30. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
31. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
32. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
33. The method according to claim 12 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
34. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
35. The method according to claim 14 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
36. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
37. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
38. The method according to claim 17 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
39. The method according to claim 18 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
40. The method according to claim 19 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
41. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.
42. The method according to claim 21 , wherein said method is carried out without the use of an external pressure reservoir.